信托受益人股东派生诉讼制度研究——基于双重派生诉讼展开

On the System of Trust Beneficiary Shareholder Derivative Actions——Based on the Double Derivative Actions

信托持股公司遭受不当行为侵害而无法以直接诉讼获得救济,持股信托的受托人也怠于或不行使救济权时,受益人作为实质股东可基于双重派生诉请(股东派生+信托派生)代表公司提起派生诉讼。该诉讼中各方的诉讼主体地位须结合信托法与股东派生诉讼理论、实体法与程序法理论来厘清。公司持股信托中受益人股东的法律地位受制于信托受益人股东派生诉讼的规范价值。信托受益人股东是该信托股份的实质所有权人,具有股东派生诉讼的原告资格;其提起股东派生诉讼须满足“先请求要件”并确定被诉的不当行为人和不当行为的基本事实以及对公司造成的损害。信托受益人股东派生诉讼的被告为对公司实施不当行为的公司董事、监事、高管、控股股东、债务人、清算人、控制公司的股权信托受托人。公司是信托受益人股东派生诉讼中的必要当事人,属于必要共同诉讼的共同原告。

Beneficiaries as substantive shareholders can bring shareholder derivative actions in lieu of the corporation based on the claims of the double derivative actions(shareholder derivative action and trust derivative action),where a trust holding corporation injured by wrongdoing can’t seek remedies by bringing a direct action and trustees of such a corporation default on seeking or don’t seek remedies.In such actions,the status of each party should be clarified by combining trust law with the normative value of shareholder derivative actions and substantive law with procedural law.Trust beneficiary shareholders are the substantive owners of the shares held on trust and have the standing of plaintiffs of shareholder derivative actions.They should meet the requirement for"first claim rule"and ascertain the wrongdoers claimed,the facts of wrongdoing and the damages of the corporation,thereupon bring a shareholder derivative action..The defendants of trust beneficiary shareholder derivative actions are directors,supervisors,key managers,debtors,liguidators,controlling shareholders and trustees of controlling corporations,etc.,who have done wrongs to the corporation.A corporation is an essential party of a trust beneficiary shareholder derivative action and a joint plaintiff of an indispensable joint action.