论行政协议司法审查的标准与方式

On the Standards and Modes of Judicial Review of an Administrative Agreement

行政诉讼的核心是审查行政行为的合法性。然而,行政协议不同于一般的行政行为,行政协议的“行政性”与“协议性”相统一的特征,决定了行政协议司法审查标准的特殊性。审理行政协议案件的司法解释未能平息有关行政协议范围的争论,还引发了新的质疑。行政协议合法性审查与合约性审查不仅存在着复杂的关系,而且在司法审查的范围、法律适用、举证责任等方面也有别于一般的行政案件。面对问题的特殊性和实质性化解纠纷的现实需求,对行政协议的司法审查不能机械地适用法律,而应该发挥司法应有的能动作用,但这种能动作用还是要受制于对行政协议基本特征的准确把握和行政诉讼的应然定位。

The core of administrative litigation is to review the legality of an administrative act.But an administrative agreement is different from an ordinary administrative act.The feature of administrative agreement that there should be a unification between"being administrative"and"mutual agreement"determines the particularity of the judicial review of an administrative agreement.The new judicial interpretation relating to administrative agreement have failed to silence the disputes over the scope of the administrative agreement,even bringing about new doubts.Legality review and contractuality review of an administrative agreement are not only complicatedly related,but also vary from other common administrative cases in aspects such as the scope of judicial review,the application of law,the burden of proof.Facing the particularity of the issue and the realistic demands for the substantive dispute-resolution,laws should not inflexibly be applied to the judicial review of administrative agreement,and the justice should play its proactive role,which shall be subject to the accurate acquisition of the basic features of an administrative agreement and the proper positioning of administrative litigation.