纳米材料的过氧化物酶样活性增强策略

Enhancement Strategies for Peroxidase-like Activities of Nanomaterials

天然酶具有较高的催化活性和底物特异性,在日用品化学、医疗卫生、食品制造和污染物防控等领域具有广泛应用。然而,天然酶分离提纯难度大、价格贵且稳定性差的自身缺陷限制了其大规模应用,积极探索替代产品具有重要意义。2007年阎锡蕴等首次发现Fe3O4纳米颗粒具有过氧化物酶样催化活性,此后纳米材料的酶样活性研究发展迅速。除过氧化物酶样活性外,纳米材料还具有类似氧化酶、超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶等天然酶的催化活性。具有天然酶样催化活性的纳米材料被统称为纳米酶。纳米酶具有制备成本低、易于批量生产、稳定性高和活性可调节等优点,在替代天然酶用于环境监测及治理、疾病诊断及治疗、食品安全防控等领域具有巨大潜力。然而,较低的催化效率和底物特异性限制了纳米酶的进一步应用。催化效率和底物选择性的增强将极大促进纳米酶的实际应用。本文以纳米材料最具代表性的酶样活性过氧化物酶样活性为例,综述了近几年研究中增强纳米材料催化活性的策略,包括改变纳米材料特性(尺寸、形貌以及表面修饰等)和催化反应条件(温度、pH、促进剂、光照等)、纳米材料混合和材料杂化等。重点围绕催化效率及底物选择特异性的提高,期望能让读者对纳米材料酶样活性的增强策略有较为全面的了解。

Due to their high catalytic activity and substrate specificity,enzymes have broad applications in commodity chemistry,medicine,food manufacturing,pollution prevention and control,etc.However,their actual applications are compromised by disadvantages such as difficulty to separate and purify,high cost and poor stability.It is of great significance to explore artificial substitutes for enzymes.Ferroferric oxide nanoparticles were reported to have peroxidase-like activity by Dr.Xiyun Yan for the first time in 2007.Since then the researches about nanomaterials with catalytic activities have emerged in large numbers.In addition to peroxidase-like activities,nanomaterials also possessed many enzyme-like catalytic activities such as oxidase,superoxide dismutase and catalase.Nanomaterials with enzyme-like activities are usually referred as nanozymes.As an alternative to natural enzymes,nanozymes possess characteristics such as low costs,easy mass production,high stability and adjustable activity.Those nanozyme characteristics have broad applications in environmental monitoring and management,disease diagnosis and treatment,food safety control,etc.However,low catalytic efficiency and specificity limit further applications of nanozymes.Therefore,enhancing the catalytic activities and selectivity of nanozymes will promote their applications.The catalytic activity of nanozymes can be regulated by changes in nanomaterials(size,morphology and surface modification)and catalytic reaction conditions(temperature,pH,accelerators,light irradiation,etc.),mixing of different nanomaterials,nanomaterial hybridization,and so on.The most widely used catalytic activity of nanozymes is peroxidase-like activity.This review summarizes the strategies to enhance peroxidase-like activities of nanomaterials,mainly focuses on catalytic efficiency and substrate specificity.It is expected that readers can have a comprehensive understanding of the strategies to enhance the enzyme-like activity of nanomaterials.