大连市3种除草剂对刺槐生长的影响及其残留分析

Analysis on the Effects of Three Herbicides on the Growth of Robinia pseudoacacia and Herbicide Residue in Dalian City

为确切查清造成大连市刺槐春季生长异常的原因,对所辖各区、市(县)春季刺槐萌发情况和当地除草剂使用情况进行了调查,并在金州新区七顶山街道海防刺槐纯林中,使用阿特拉津、乙草胺和2,4-D丁酯3种除草剂,以2个质量分数梯度进行交叉处理试验。结果表明:在不使用2,4-D丁酯的地区,其玉米田附近的刺槐春季生长均正常,无小叶和枯黄落叶现象发生。在使用阿特拉津、乙草胺加2,4-D丁酯的地区,邻近刺槐在春季发生小叶、黄叶及落叶,生长势衰弱。从单一药剂施用的受害等级及药物残留量看,施用阿特拉津受害级别最轻,残留量最多,乙草胺和2,4-D丁酯残留很少或不残留,但受害状表现依次较重。在混合除草剂处理中,3种除草剂在混用时均表现出增效作用,2,4-D丁酯具有强烈的挥发性,可导致阿特拉津和乙草胺漂移能力加强。

The germination of Robinia pseudoacacia in spring and the application of herbicides were investigated in different districts and cities(counties)of Dalian City to find out exactly the reason of the abnormal growth of Robinia pseudoacacia.Three herbicides,atrazine,acetochlor and 2,4-D butyl ester,were used in the pure forest of Robinia pseudoacacia in the coastal defense forest of Qiding Mountain Street,Jinzhou New District,Dalian to conduct cross-processing experiment with the gradient of two mass fraction.The results showed that in the area where 2,4-D butyl ester was not used the growth of Robinia pseudoaca cia near the corn field was normal in spring without leaflet and falling yellow leaves,in the area where atrazine,acetochlor and 2,4-D butyl ester were used the growth potential of Robinia pseudoacacia nearby was weak with leaflet,yellow leaves and falling leaves in spring.With regard to the damage level and herbicide residual amount with sole herbicide,the damage level was the lowest and the herbicide residual amount was the most with atrazine,the herbicide residual amount was few or zero with ethylamine or 2,4-D butyl ester,but the damage with ethylamine was heavier and the damage with 2,4-D butyl ester was heaviest.With regard to the mixed herbicides treatment,three herbicides showed synergistic effect,the drift ability of atrazine and acetochlor was obviously strengthened due to the strong volatility of 2,4-D butyl ester.