控制行政权的范式转换:从分散控制到相对抑制

Shift in the Paradigm of Controlling Administrative Power:From Decentralized Control to Relative Restraint

如何控制行政权是域内外公法学研究的一个重要议题。为落实行政机构的合法性任务,世界各国传统上主要采用分散控制模式,即立法控制、司法控制、行政(自我)控制及其叠加混合的形式,我国亦不例外。该模式下的各具体控制模式都有其局限性,并存在整体性考虑欠缺、任意或反复的审查监督、忽视政治控制的作用等问题。为此,应从分散控制模式转向相对抑制范式,抛弃控制行政权的单一合法性目的,将监督和控制行政权的目的指向合法性与国家作用实现之间的平衡,并通过相对抑制的理论分析架构,设定控制行政权的基本原则、最佳控制点、行政的行为(输出)类型及影响因素、控制源及控制程度,合理分配控制行政权的责任,以使各分支机构的控制力度与其实际的控制能力相一致,实现行政权的最佳控制。

How to control administrative power is an important topic in the study of public law both at home and abroad.In order to implement the legality tasks of administrative agencies,countries all over the world mainly adopted a decentralized control model in tradition,namely legislative control,judicial control,administrative(self)control,and a form of their mixture.China is no exception.Each specific control mode under the decentralized control model has its own limitations,and there are problems such as lacking overall consideration,arbitrary or repeated examination and supervision,and ingoring the role of political control.Therefore,it is necessary to make a shift from the decentralized control model to the relative restraint,abandon the single legitimacy purpose of controlling administrative power,direct the purpose of supervising and controlling administrative power to the balance between legitimacy and the realization of the role of the state,and with the help of theoretical analysis framework of relative restraint paradigm,set forth the basic principles,optimum point of controlling administrative power,types of administrative acts(output),influencing factors of administration,sources of control and the degree of control,reasonably distribute the responsibilities of controlling administrative power,so as to make the controlling degree of each branch be consistent with its actual controlling capability and realize the optimum control of administrative power.