冠心病住院患者心脏康复需求现状及影响因素分析

Analysis of current situation and influencing factors of cardiac rehabilitation needs of hospitalized patients with coronary heart disease in Luzhou

目的了解冠心病住院患者心脏康复需求现状并探讨其影响因素。方法采用便利抽样法,选取2020年5-7月西南医科大学附属医院、西南医科大学附属中医院、泸州市人民医院和泸州市中医院的436例冠心病住院患者作为研究对象,使用一般资料调查表和中文版心脏康复量表进行调查并分析。结果冠心病患者心脏康复需求中,自主性为(16.10±3.42)分,过程焦虑为(19.71±3.38)分,结果焦虑为(11.06±3.26)分;低自主性64.9%、高过程焦虑60.1%、高结果焦虑60.8%,均>50.0%;Logistic回归分析显示,年龄≥60岁、病程1.1~4.9年和心功能Ⅲ级是冠心病患者自主性的保护因素;女性及居住在农村是冠心病患者过程焦虑的危险因素,大专及以上学历、经常有氧运动和病程1.1~4.9年是过程焦虑的保护因素;居住在农村、偶尔有氧运动与合并症是冠心病患者结果焦虑的危险因素,女性和心脏康复指导是结果焦虑的保护因素。结论冠心病住院患者对心脏康复相关需求较高,且受多种因素的影响,应重点关注。

Objective To investigate the current situation and influencing factors of cardiac rehabilitation needs of hospitalized patients with coronary heart disease in Luzhou.Methods A total of 436 patients with coronary heart disease from 4 tertiary grade A hospitals in Luzhou were investigated with Chinese version of cardiac rehabilitation inventory.Results The scores of autonomy,process anxiety and results anxiety were 16.10±3.42,19.71±3.38 and 11.06±3.26 respectively.Low autonomy(64.9%),high process anxiety(60.1%)and high result anxiety(60.8%)were all greater than 50.0%.Logistic regression analysis showed that age≥60 years old,course of disease 1.1-4.9 years and cardiac function grade IIIwere protective factors of autonomy in patients with coronary heart disease;Female,living in rural areas were risk factors of process anxiety,and college degree or above,regular aerobic exercise,course of disease 1.1-4.9 yearswere protective factors;Living in rural areas,occasional aerobic exercise,complicationswere risk factors of outcome anxiety and female,cardiac rehabilitation guidance were protective factors.Conclusion Hospitalized patients with coronary heart disease in Luzhou have higher demands for cardiac rehabilitation,which are affected by many factors,so we should pay more attention to it.