尾菜有机肥对甜瓜和番茄产量、品质及土壤养分的影响

Effects of Vegetable Waste Organic Fertilizer on Soil Nutrients,Yield and Quality of Melon and Tomato

为促进蔬菜尾菜无害化处理和资源化利用,对甜瓜和番茄施用不同量蔬菜尾菜发酵后的有机肥(15(T1)、30(T2)、45(T3)、60 t/hm^(2)(T4))和腐熟牛粪(CK),统计分析不同处理下甜瓜和番茄的产量、品质及土壤养分,以筛选适宜甜瓜和番茄种植的尾菜有机肥用量。结果表明,尾菜有机肥可提升土壤中的有机质和养分含量,改善土壤结构,其中,60、45 t/hm^(2)尾菜有机肥分别处理甜瓜和番茄,土壤有机质含量最高,比CK分别增加了44.90%和18.87%;施用尾菜有机肥能提高甜瓜和番茄的产量,其中,甜瓜在T1处理下增产最高,番茄在T2处理下增产最高;施用尾菜有机肥可同时提升甜瓜和番茄的品质,甜瓜和番茄的3个品质指标在T1或T2处理达到最优。综合成本效益分析,在甜瓜和番茄的种植中,以T1处理(15 t/hm^(2)的尾菜有机肥)的用量为最优施肥量,结果可为蔬菜尾菜资源化利用提供理论依据。

To promote the harmless treatment and resource utilization of vegetable waste,different amounts of vegetable waste organic fertilizer(15,30,45,60 t/hm^(2))and rotten cow dung(CK)were applied to melon and tomato.The yield,quality and soil nutrients of melon and tomato under different treatments were analyzed to screen the suitable amount of vegetable waste organic fertilizer for their cultivation.The results showed that the application of vegetable waste organic fertilizer could significantly improve the content of organic matter and nutrient in the soil and improve soil structure.The melon and tomato treated with 60 t/hm^(2)and 45 t/hm^(2)vegetable organic fertilizer had the highest soil organic matter content,which increased by 44.90%and 18.87%,respectively,compared with CK.The yield and quality of melon and tomato improved by application of vegetable waste organic fertilizer.The yield of melon was the highest under T1 treatment and that of tomato was the highest under T2 treatment.The quality of melon and tomato were improved by application of vegetable waste organic fertilizer at the same time.The three quality indexes of melon and tomato were the best in T1 or T2 treatment.Comprehensive cost-benefit analysis,T1 treatment(15 t/hm^(2)vegetable waste organic fertilizer)was used as the optimal amount of vegetable waste organic fertilizer in the cultivation of melon and tomato.The research results will provide a theoretical basis for the resource utilization of vegetable waste.