不同保水材料对济源烟区烤烟生长及土壤保墒能力的影响

Effects of Different Water Retaining Materials on Growth of Flue Cured Tobacco and the Capacity of Humidity Guarantee in Jiyuan Tobacco Growing Areas

针对济源烟区干旱缺水的生态条件,开展不同类型保水材料对烟株生长及土壤蓄水保墒能力的影响研究,旨在筛选出适宜济源旱作烟区烟叶生长的保水材料。采用田间小区试验,以云烟87为供试材料,选择聚丙烯酸盐(PAA,T1)、聚丙烯酰胺(PAM,T2)、腐植酸(HA,T3)、γ-聚谷氨酸(γ-PGA,T4)4种保水材料,研究不同保水材料的保水效果及其对土壤水分含量、光合特性、烟株生长和产量形成的影响。结果表明,4种保水剂处理的烟叶叶面积增加比例达到2.93%~23.67%,显著高于对照;施用保水剂处理的T1、T2、T3、T4的光合速率分别比对照增加60.49%、23.54%、31.74%、12.77%;移栽后70 d,施用保水剂处理的干物质积累量增幅最大,达到22.33%~67.16%,且以T1(67.16%)、T2(64.76%)处理增加比例最高。保水剂处理的土壤含水量显著高于对照,以圆顶期20~30 cm土层的含水率增幅最高,达到10.44%~36.50%;4种保水剂处理的上等烟比例比对照增加3.57%~10.37%,产量及产值分别较对照增加3.31%~12.29%、3.71%~13.81%。施用保水剂对土壤蓄水保墒能力和烟株的生长具有良好的改善作用;施用聚丙烯酸盐及聚丙烯酰胺对土壤的促进效果最好,有利于烟株生长及其干物质积累。

According to the ecological conditions of drought and water shortage in Jiyuan tobacco growing areas,the effects of different water conservation materials on soil water storage and soil moisture conservation capacity and the growth of flue-cured tobacco were carried out in this paper,to reveal the effect of different water conservation materials on improvement of rain fed farming areas,and elucidate the feasible water retaining materials suitable for tobacco growth in Jiyuan tobacco growing areas,meanwhile,provide a theoretical reference for increasing yield and income.With Yunyan 87 as the test material,four kinds of water retaining materials inclouding polyacrylate(PAA,T1),polyacrylamide(PAM,T2),humic acid(HA,T3)andγ-Polyglutamic acid(γ-PGA,T4)were conducted in this field experiment.The effects of different water retaining materials on soil water content,photosynthetic characteristics,tobacco growth and yield formation were studied.The results showed that compared with the control,the leaf area increased by 2.93%-23.67%in the four water retaining agent treatments,and the photosynthetic rate(Pn)of T1,T2,T3,T4 treatments increased by 60.49%,31.74%,23.54%and 12.77%,respectively.During the whole growth period,the increase of dry matter accumulation of treatment with water retaining agents was the largest at 70 d after transplanting,reaching 22.33%-67.16%,and the promotion effect of T1(67.16%)and T2(64.76%)treatment was the most significant.The soil moisture content of treatment with water retaining agents was significantly higher than that of the control,and the highest increase reached 10.44%-36.50%,appeared in 20-30 cm soil layer during toping stag.Compared with the control,the proportion of superior quality leaves increased by 3.57%-10.37%,yield and output value increased by 3.31%-12.29%and 3.71%-13.81%,respectively.In general,the application of water retaining agent had a good effect on soil water storage and soil moisture conservation and the growth of tobacco.So,application of polyacrylate and polyacrylamide were beneficial to the accumulation of dry matter of tobacco plant growth in this experimental condition,also had the best promotion effect on rain fed areas.