难以延伸的铁路:道清铁路展筑的多重困境

The Railway Difficult to Extend:The Multiple Difficulties in the Construction of Tao-Ching Railway

道清铁路是晚清时期英商福公司为运输矿产在河南境内修筑的一条铁路,但由于线路短促,沿线客货源稀缺,严重影响了铁路运营效益。英商福公司屡次要求展筑道清铁路,但在地方官民的强烈抵制与德国的外交干预下,始终未能如愿。北洋军阀时期,中外多方势力就此进行了激烈博弈,道清铁路展筑问题也因此屡遭搁置。国民政府成立后,道清铁路的展筑又因政局纷扰和资金难筹而举步维艰。事实上,道清铁路的展筑已完全超越了单纯的铁路技术问题,还牵涉了路权、财权、政治及外交关系等诸多方面,其实质反映出各方政治势力对相关权利和权益的纠缠与争夺,也从侧面折射出中国近代铁路建设运营发展的艰难困境。

Tao-Ching Railway is a railway built by The Peking Syndicate Limited for transporting mineral resources in Henan Province in the late Qing Dynasty.However,due to the short line and the scarcity of passenger and freight resources along the line,the operation efficiency of the railway was seriously affected.The Peking Syndicate Limited repeatedly asked for the construction of Tao-Ching Railway,but under the strong resistance of local officials and people and the diplomatic intervention of Germany,it failed to do so.During the period of the northern warlords,many forces at home and abroad played a fierce game,and the construction of the Tao-Ching railway was often shelved.After the founding of the national government,the construction of the Tao-Ching Railway was difficult because of the political turmoil and the difficulty in raising funds.As a matter of fact,the construction of Tao-Ching Railway has gone beyond the simple technical problems of railway,and also involves many aspects,such as the ownership of the railway,the financial power,and thepolitical and diplomatic relations.These problems actually reflect the entanglement and struggle of various political forces for relevant rights and interests,and also reflect the difficult plight of the construction and operation of modern Chinese railway.