增加价值生产的两种方法与社会主义创新激励的两重来源

Two Methods of Added Value Production and Two Origins of Socialist Innovation Incentives

由必要价值和剩余价值共同组成的增加价值体现了劳动者个人、当前利益与整体、长远利益的结合,构成了劳动者的完全利益。虽然不同所有制以及不同公有制形式的企业在生产目的上有所差异,但从整体来看社会主义生产以提升劳动者完全利益为目标。增加价值生产存在绝对增加价值和相对增加价值两种生产方法,分别对应由活劳动投入导致的价值增加以及由劳动生产率提高导致的超额增加价值生产。与纯粹资本主义条件下以超额剩余价值作为创新激励的唯一来源不同,在社会主义条件下,创新激励存在追逐超额剩余价值以及劳动致富双重激励。在社会主义市场经济体制下,开展企业技术创新的群众运动是解释中国增长奇迹的重要原因。

The added value,which is composed of necessary value and surplus value,reflects the combination of individual workers and current interests of workers with overall and long--term interests,and constitutes the complete interests of workers.Despite of the different production purposes of enterprises with different ownerships and different forms of public ownership,on the whole,socialist production aims to promote the complete interests of workers.There are two methods of added value production,absolute added value and relative added value,corresponding respectively to the value increase caused by living labor input and the extra added value production caused by the increase of labor productivity.Different from the situation that under the condition of pure capitalismextra surplus value is the sole source of innovation incentive,under the condition of socialism,there are double sources of incentives,i.e.to pursue extra surplus value and to get rich by working.In the socialist market economy system,the mass movement of enterprise technological innovation is an important factor leading to the miracle of China's growth.