基于氧化锌材料的水性聚氨酯胶粘剂阻燃性能分析

Analysis of Flame Retardant Performance of Waterborne Polyurethane Adhesive Based on Zinc Oxide Material

水性聚氨酯(waterbornepolyurethane,简称WPU)具有多种优点,例如物理力学性能优良(韧性强)、耐候性普遍(耐严寒、酷暑)和保持建筑物表面温度。此外,还具有环保、节能、阻燃、易加工、耐腐蚀等多种优点。因此逐渐被材料学家关注,成为高分子材料学的研究热门课题,被开发出多种商业用途。它被广泛应用于制造及纺织业、涂料原料生产、胶粘剂、建筑工程原料等之中。但WPU耐高温性能差,因此,这种材料的使用价值受到限制。文章重点描述了纳米氧化锌复合材料的阻燃性能,并展望了ZnO/WPU复合材料未来的发展趋势。将来的研究方向为深入研究WPU结构的阻燃性能,加快开发和完善阻燃剂的复配技术。研究发现添加0.2%的纳米氧化锌时,WPU复合材料的拉伸强度最大,可达到为58MPa,断裂伸长率也最高,为523%。研究计算出胶膜的水接触角比较大,测算为70.23。当热失重比为47%时,材料的热分解温度比基础WPU下降了32℃,聚合链硬段含量较基础值也得到提高,为45.41%,复合材料胶膜的各项性能较纯WPU优良。通过XRQ(X射线衍射)、SEM(扫描电镜)、傅里叶变换红外光谱等对产物的微观结构进行分析,运用TG分析及垂直燃烧测试的方法计算,探讨复合材料的热稳定性能及阻燃性能。文章研究证明当掺入小石状纳米氧化锌的WPU复合材料时,燃烧时间比基础值缩短了30.2%,而且这种复合材料可以自己停止燃烧。断裂伸长率上降低也比较缓慢,为32%,比同期其他形貌氧化锌低,但是这种复合材料的拉伸强度却得到提高,为19.14%。

Waterborne polyurethane(WPU)has many advantages,such as excellent physical and mechanical properties(strong toughness),general weather resistance(cold and heat resistance)and maintaining building surface temperature.In addition,it also has the advantages of environmental protection,energy saving,flame retardant,easy processing,corrosion resistance and so on.Therefore,it is gradually concerned by material scientists,and has become a hot topic in the study of polymer materials,and has been developed for a variety of commercial uses.It is widely used in manufacturing and textile industry,paint raw material production,adhesives,construction engineering raw materials and so on.However,the high temperature resistance of WPU is poor,so the use value of this material is limited.In this paper,the flame retardant properties of nano-sized ZnO composites are described,and the future development trend of ZnO/WPU composites is forecasted.The future research direction is to fur­ther study the flame retardant properties of WPU structure,and accelerate the development and improvement of the composite technology of flame retardant.It was found that the tensile strength and elongation at break of WPU composites were the highest,reaching 58 MPa and 523%,when 0.2%nano-ZnO was added.It is calculated that the water contact angle of the film is relatively large,which is estimated to be 70.23.When the thermal weight loss ratio is 47%,the thermal decomposition temperature of the composite is 32℃lower than that of the base WPU,and the content of the hard segment of the polymer chain is also increased from the base value to 45.41%.The properties of the composite film are better than that of the pure WPU.The microstructure of the composite was analyzed by XRQ(X-ray diffraction),SEM(scanning electron microscopy)and Fourier transform infrared spec­troscopy.The thermal stability and flame retardant properties of the composite were discussed by TG analysis and vertical combustion test methods.Our study shows that the combustion time of WPU composite with small stone nano-sized zinc oxide is reduced by 30.2%compared with the base value,and the composite can stop burning on its own.The elongation at break also decreased slowly(32%),which was lower than that of other morphologies of zinc oxide during the same period.However,the tensile strength of this composite was improved(19.14%).