地下水污染识别与溯源指示因子研究进展

Research Progress on Indicator of Groundwater Pollution Identification and Traceability

地下水污染识别与溯源是开展地下水环境保护的重要基础.由于地下水系统的隐蔽性、复杂性以及污染物的多样性和多源性,使得地下水污染识别与溯源研究面临挑战.如何快速判断地下水是否受到污染以及准确识别污染来源是地下水污染识别与溯源研究的关键.通过调研国内外相关研究,梳理地下水污染识别与溯源指示因子,探讨了这些指示因子的研究现状及适用条件,发现稳定同位素是污染溯源中最常用的工具,卤化物作为常规水化学指标的代表,适用于污水影响等部分特定场景,新污染物、人为来源稀土元素等的检出是地下水受到人为污染的直接证据.由于地下水污染来源的复杂性,多指示因子与多技术手段联合使用对于准确识别污染过程与来源尤为重要,是未来研究的重点.

Study on the traceability of groundwater pollution is the foundation of groundwater environmental protection.Because of the invisibility and complexity of groundwater systems and the diversity and multiple sources of pollutants,the research of groundwater pollution traceability faces challenges.How to quickly identify whether groundwater is polluted and accurately trace the source of groundwater pollution is the key to studying groundwater pollution identification and traceability.The indicators used for groundwater pollution identification and traceability as well as their research progress and suitability are discussed based on domestic and international research.It is found that stable isotopes are the most commonly used tool in pollution traceability.As a representative of conventional hydrogeochemical indexes,halides can be used in some scenarios such as sewage pollution.The detection of emerging pollutants and rare earth elements from anthropogenic sources directly indicates groundwater pollution.Due to the complexity of groundwater pollution sources,the combined use of different traceability indicators and identification methods will help to better identify pollution process and source,and will be the research focus in the future.