基于激光三角法的火炮身管内径测量系统设计

Design of gun barrel inner diameter measurement system based on laser triangulation

为了解决目前火炮身管内径测量精度低、内表面形貌还原度差和测量不方便的问题,设计了一种基于激光三角法的火炮身管自动测量系统。该测量系统主要选用激光传感器、单片机和步进电机,设计推进式的机械测量结构,利用几何定心原理,对火炮全身管自动测量;最小测量内径为60 mm;采用滤波、三次样条插值法对采样数据进行处理,显著减小了测量误差。使用测量系统对不同口径的身管进行测量,测量结果表明,该测量系统能稳定工作,能实现对不同内径的身管进行测量,测量分辨率为0.001 mm,测量精度为0.02 mm,测量点准确,上位机各部分功能正常,能对身管内壁磨损缺陷等情况很好地还原。该测量系统测量误差小,测量效率高,测量系统操作简单,实现了高自动化,同样能应用在同类管道测量中。

In order to solve the problems of low precision,poor reduction degree of internal surface morphology and inconvenient measurement of gun barrel inner diameter,an automatic measurement system of gun barrel based on laser triangulation is designed.The system mainly uses laser sensor,single chip microcomputer and stepping motor to design the mechanical measurement structure of propulsion type,and uses the principle of geometric centering to measure the whole body of gun automatically.The minimum measuring inner diameter is 60mm.The sampling data is processed by filtering and cubic spline interpolation,which greatly reduces the measurement error.The measurement system is used to measure the body pipe of different caliber.The measurement results show that the measurement system can work stably and can measure the body pipe with different inner diameter.The measurement resolution is 0.001mm,the measurement accuracy is 0.02mm,the measuring point is accurate,the functions of each part of the upper computer are normal,and the wear defects of the inner wall of the body pipe can be restored well.The measurement system has the advantages of small measurement error,high efficiency,simple operation,high automation and can also be used in the same kind of pipe measurement.