天津市年龄5~6岁儿童偶测高血压检出率及其与超重和肥胖的关系

Prevalence of occasional hypertension and its association with overweight and obesity in children aged 5-6 in Tianjin

目的了解年龄5~6岁学龄前儿童偶测高血压现况,分析超重、肥胖与学龄前儿童偶测高血压的关系,为成人期高血压的早期预防提供参考。方法采用整群随机抽样方法,2016-2018年连续3年在天津市16个区1802所幼儿园随机抽取63所幼儿园,对年龄5~6岁儿童21393人进行血压、身高、体质量等身体测量,并对儿童生活环境因素进行回顾性问卷调查。调整潜在的生活环境影响因素,采用多因素logistic回归模型分析学龄前儿童超重肥胖与偶测高血压的关系。结果天津市学龄前儿童血压偏高检出率为11.9%,偶测高血压检出率为17.5%。超重、肥胖儿童血压异常检出率明显高于正常体质量儿童(P<0.01)。调整儿童生活环境等影响因素后,超重、肥胖的学龄前儿童血压偏高和偶测高血压发生风险增加,超重者发生血压偏高和偶测高血压的OR(95%CI)值分别为1.61(1.41~1.83)和1.79(1.61~1.99);肥胖者发生血压偏高和偶测高血压的OR(95%CI)值分别为2.15(1.85~2.50)和3.16(2.82~3.53)。结论超重、肥胖显著增加学龄前儿童偶测高血压的风险。

Objective To investigate the situation of occasional hypertension in preschool children aged 5—6 years,and to analyze its association with overweight or obesity to provide the basis for early prevention in adulthood.Methods Cluster random sampling was used to selecte 63 kindergartens out of 1802 in 16 districts of Tianjin from 2016 to 2018.Blood pressure,height and weight were measured among 21393 children aged 5—6 years.A retrospective questionnaire survey was conducted to collect environmental factors.Multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the association between overweight or obesity and occasional hypertension,after adjustment for environmental factors.Results The prevalence of high blood pressure in preschool children of Tianjin was 11.9%,and the rate of occasional hypertension was 17.5%.The detection rate of abnormal blood pressure in overweight and obese children was significantly higher than that in normal weight children(P<0.01).After adjusted for environmental factors,overweight and obesity were positively associated with high blood pressure and occasional hypertension.The OR(95%CI)of overweight for high blood pressure and occasional hypertension were 1.61(1.41-1.83)and 1.79(1.61-1.99),respectively;and OR(95%CI)of obesity for high blood pressure and occasional hypertension were 2.15(1.85-2.50)and 3.16(2.82-3.53),respectively.Conclusion Overweight and obesity increase the ri.sk of occasional hypertension in preschoolers.