基于全生命周期的风电系统碳排放核算与分析

风电是中国实现碳达峰、碳中和目标的关键力量之一。以广西某风力发电项目为案例,同时结合风力发电系统全生命周期碳排放模型和各阶段实际过程,对各个阶段碳排放源进行系统、全面的识别并进行分析和计算。根据风电系统的碳排放总量、风力发电上网电量的分析,对风力发电系统的低碳效益进行客观评价,得出风电系统实现碳中和所需的时间周期,从全生命周期的角度明确风电系统的低碳效益。在考虑材料回收的情况下,风电系统运行6个月后所产生的能源量便可抵消其在全生命周期中所消耗的能源量。并通过碳排放计算,分析影响风电系统碳排放的主要因素以及有效降低生命周期中各阶段碳排放量的主要方法。

Wind power is considered as one of the most promising renewable energy sources to achieve carbon peak emission and carbon neutrality goals.Presented in this paper is a life cycle analysis of energy performance and greenhouse gas emission for a typical wind farm in Guangxi,combined with the LCA carbon emission model of wind power generation system,the carbon emission sources at each stage are systematically and comprehensively identified,analyzed and calculated.According to the total carbon emission and on-grid power,this paper objectively evaluates the low-carbon benefits of wind power system,obtains the time period required for the wind power system to achieve carbon neutrality in the perspective of the whole life cycle.Through carbon emission calculation,the paper analyzes the main factors that affect the carbon emission of wind power system and the main methods to effectively reduce the carbon emission in each stage of the life cycle.