再论边疆地区的中心化与边缘化——与新清史的对话

REDISCUSSION ON THE CENTRALIZATION AND MARGINALIZATION OF FRONTIER REGIONS:A Dialogue With New Qing History

本文主要与"新清史"提出的"边缘也是中心"的观点进行对话,基于"文化区"理论和"二元社会结构"理论来分析海南作为边疆地区的牌坊文化,最后得出"从边缘看中心"的观点。通过阐述海南边缘地区与中心文化区的关系,论证双方之间的紧密联系性,从边缘的海南窥见古代大一统社会文化的中心元素,并在二元社会结构下再次探讨海南虽身在"边缘"但心向中央的"中心化"倾向,从官方("父爱式""亲戚式"支持关系)与民间(蜂王、工蜂)不同类型的牌坊出发论证海南地区内部的中心化。因而,在古代海南牌坊的建设中,受到"伞式"社会自上而下社会结构的影响,中央和各级政府通过资金投入、官方扶持、地方申报等方式形成了各类"官方"牌坊;而民间在宗族族长、乡绅等的带领下,通过百姓自发的集资合作建造了各类"民间"牌坊。最后得出结论:边疆并不能替换中央,但是我们可以从边缘地区的中心性特点去论证传统的中国社会,并通过多区域、多民族的历史现实去探索中华民族共同体的形成。

This article mainly engages in a dialogue with the view of"the frontier is also the center"put forward by the"New Qing History",and analyzes the memorial arch culture of Hainan as a frontier area based on the theory of"cultural district"and the theory of"dual social structure".Finally,the point of view of"seeing the center from the frontier"is reached.By expounding the relationship between the marginal area of Hainan and the central cultural area,the close connection between the two areas is demonstrated,the central element of the ancient unified social culture can be glimpsed from the marginal Hainan,and the dual social structure of Hainan will be discussed again although Hainan is at the frontier."But the"centralization"tendency toward the central government starts from the official("paternal"and"relatives"support relationship)one and the private(queen bees,worker bees)different types of archways to demonstrate the centralization within Hainan.Therefore,during the construction of ancient Hainan archways,affected by the top-down social structure of the"umbrella"society,the central and governments at all levels built various"official"archways through capital investment,official support,and local declarations;while the people built various"civilian"archways through the people’s spontaneous fund-raising cooperation under the leadership of clan chiefs,squires,etc.In the end,it is concluded that the frontier region cannot replace the central government,but we can demonstrate the traditional Chinese society from the central characteristics of the marginal regions,and explore the formation of the Chinese nation community through the historical reality of multi-regions and multi-ethnic groups.