农田土壤微塑料污染现状与进展

RESEARCH STATUS AND PROGRESS OF MICROPLASTIC POLLUTION IN FARMLAND SOIL

微塑料是一种新的土壤污染物,对土壤环境与健康有严重影响,已成为国内外研究的热点。系统分析了农田土壤微塑料的污染现状与分布特点,总结了不同农业生产方式对土壤微塑料污染丰度的影响,及其在土壤中分布和迁移特征,阐述了不同微塑料的污染来源及其对土壤环境的危害,提出地膜覆盖将成为农田土壤微塑料污染的重要来源,且微塑料因粒径、浓度及类型的不同对农田土壤理化性质和土壤生物会造成不同程度的影响;并比较分析了土壤微塑料的检测分析方法与手段,从土壤微塑料的溯源、迁移转化、污染危害以及检测分析手段层面,对未来需要解决的科学问题和研究方向进行了展望,以期为农田土壤微塑料的研究以及微塑料污染防控提供科学参考。

Micro plastic is a new kind of soil pollutant, which has a serious impact on soil environment and health, and has become a hot research topic. In this paper, the pollution status and distribution characteristics of farmland soil microplastics were systematically analyzed, and the effects of different agricultural production modes on the pollution abundance of soil microplastics and their distribution and migration characteristics in soil were summarized. This paper expounds the pollution sources of different micro plastics and their harm to the soil environment, and points out that plastic film mulching will become an important source of farmland soil micro plastics pollution. Different particle size, concentration and type of micro plastics will have different degrees of impact on farmland soil physical and chemical properties and soil biology. At the same time, the detection and analysis methods and means of soil micro plastics are also compared and analyzed. Future scientific problems and research directions of soil microplastics are prospected from four aspects: traceability, migration and transformation, pollution hazards and analysis methods, so as to provide a comprehensive scientific reference for the research of farmland soil microplastics and control of microplastics pollution.