黄连降糖作用机制的研究进展

Research progress on the mechanism of hypoglycemic effect of Coptis chinensis

我国2型糖尿病的发病率逐年攀升,严重影响人们的身心健康。“热毒”贯穿于糖尿病病程的始终,清热泻火是根本治则,以黄连为代表的清热解毒药在糖尿病的治疗中发挥重要的作用。黄连具有降糖、降脂、抗炎、抗氧化、调节肠道菌群失调等多种药理作用,可以改善胰岛素抵抗(Insulin Resistance,IR),增加胰岛素敏感性,增强胰岛β细胞功能,调节胰岛素的分泌;可以改善高脂毒性,通过抑制肝糖原异生或促进葡萄糖酵解作用,提高葡萄糖在肝、肌肉和脂肪组织的利用,从而降低血糖;通过调节肠-脑轴,提高胰高血糖素样肽-1(Glucagon-likepeptide 1,GLP-1)的水平,上调GLP-1受体mRNA,从而改善糖代谢;可以显著改善体内急慢性炎症状态,改善炎症因子对胰岛素信号传导通路的影响;通过调节肠道菌群提高胰岛素敏感性,促进机体外周组织对糖的利用,保护肠黏膜屏障作用,影响肠内糖脂成分的吸收和机体糖脂代谢。黄连治疗2型糖尿病疗效确切,价格低廉,不良反应少,广泛应用于临床,对糖尿病并发症的预防和治疗也发挥重要作用。

The incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in China is increasing year by year,which seriously affects people's physical and mental health."Heat toxin"runs through the course of diabetes and eliminating heat and purging fire is the fundamental therapy.Traditional antipyretic and antidote medicines represented by Coptis chinensis play an important role in the treatment of diabetes.Coptis chinensis has many pharmacological effects,such as hypoglycemic,lipid-lowering,anti-inflammatory,antioxidant,regulating intestinal flora imbalance and so on.By improving insulin resistance,increasing insulin sensitivity,enhancing islet B cell function,Coptis chinensis regulates insulin secretion.It can improve hyperlipidemia by reducing hepatic gluconeogenesis or promoting glycolysis,improving the use of glucose in liver,muscle and adipose tissue,thereby reducing blood sugar.By regulating the gut-brain axis,it increases the level of glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1),up-regulates GLP-1 receptor mRNA,thereby improving glucose metabolism.Coptis chinensis can significantly relieve the acute and chronic inflammation in the body,and improve the effect of inflammatory factors on the insulin signaling pathway.It can improve the insulin sensitivity by regulating the intestinal flora,promote the use of sugar by the peripheral tissues of the body,protect the intestinal mucosa barrier,and affect the absorption of glucose and lipid components in the intestine and the metabolism of glucose and lipid in the body.Coptis chinensis has a definite curative effect on the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus,with low price and few toxic and side effects.It is widely used in clinic and plays an important role in the prevention and treatment of diabetes complications.