我国健康扶贫成效、经验与挑战

The Achievement and Challenges of Chinese Health Poverty Alleviation

目的:总结健康扶贫工程实施成效、经验与挑战,为后脱贫攻坚时期的健康扶贫工作提供参考。方法:对贫困人口、贫困地区的财政投入、医疗服务能力、卫生筹资和健康水平等进行描述性分析。结果:各级政府不断加大健康扶贫投入,从供需双方着力推进健康扶贫工作,取得了显著成效。贫困人数大幅减少,贫困地区医疗卫生服务的可及性、公平性以及人群的健康水平均有所提高,在制度、工作、措施和技术层面形成了具有中国特色的健康扶贫模式。在后脱贫攻坚时期,健康扶贫工作仍面临着筹资压力与人民健康需求的矛盾、重点人群转变和健全贫困人口兜底保障长效机制等挑战。结论:健康扶贫在新时期需延续开展,建立稳定的减贫健康保障投入机制,推动健康服务供给侧结构性改革,防止因病致(返)贫,逐步落实健康中国战略。

Objective:To summarize the achievement,experience and challenges of the health poverty alleviation project,so as to provide references for the Health Poverty Alleviation work in the post poverty alleviation period.Methods:Descriptive analysis of the poor,financial investment,medical service capacity,health financing and health level in poverty areas are made.Results:Governments at all levels have continuously increased investment in both supply and demand sides to promote the health poverty alleviation.The health poverty alleviation has achieved remarkable results.The number of poverty population has decreased significantly.It has improved the accessibility and equity of basic health services,which has formed a health poverty alleviation model with Chinese characteristics in terms of system,work,measures and technology.In the post poverty alleviation period,health poverty alleviation work still faces challenges such as the contradiction between financing pressure and residents health needs,the transformation of target populations,and the improvement of long-term mechanisms to protect the poor.Conclusion:Health poverty alleviation should be continued under the Rural Revitalization Strategy.It is recommended to establish a poverty reduction health insurance investment mechanism and promote the structural reform of health service supply side,which aims to prevent residents from poverty due to illness and to implement the Healthy China Strategy gradually.