泉州开元寺殿塔天盘缝针与泉州城及重要建筑的营建

The Geomantic Line Tianpan Fengzhen Formed by Kaiyuan Temple Pagoda and the Construction of Significant Landmark Buildings in Quanzhou

本文探讨了泉州开元寺大雄宝殿中心和东、西塔塔心连线的垂线构建成的天盘缝针与泉州城的修建及相关重要建筑朝向的关系,认为晚唐五代及宋元时期泉州子城、罗城、翼城的修建及其城门位置的选定或有以开元寺大雄宝殿为规划原点的现象,推测泉州子城的始建时间或早于罗城而二者均完成于五代时期;泉州重要建筑的朝向有多种,晚唐之前以"取正"定向,晚唐五代时期始用天盘缝针、乾亥缝线定向,宋元明时期出现了以天盘缝针为基础的地盘正针子午线(人盘子癸缝线)及其两侧约1/4山、乾亥缝线等朝向的建筑。

As is discussed in the paper,the vertical line,linking the centre of Daxiongbaodian,Kaiyuan Temple of Quanzhou and the midpoint of the East Pagoda(also known as Zhenguo Pagoda)and the West Pagoda(i.e.Renshou Pago-da),coincides with the geomantic line"tianpan fengzhen"天盘缝针(literally the needle on the Heaven Plate that falls rightly into the seam between"ren"壬and"zi"子).This line is closely related with the urban planning of Quanzhou,as well as the erection of significant landmark buildings in the city.During the various construction of Quanzhou from late Tang to Yuan dynasty,the site selection of the Inner city,Outer city and Winged city,as well as the city gates within,is likely to be determined by the location of Kaiyuan Temple.Moreover,it is presumed that the Inner city might be built slightly ear-lier than that of Outer city,and they were all completed during the Five Dynasties’period.The orientation of the landmark buildings in the city can be manifold.On the whole,before late Tang,they were oriented according to the astronomic north;During the later Tang and Five Dynasties’period,the principle of tianpan fengzhen and"qianhai fengxian"乾亥缝线(literally the needle on the Heaven Plate that falls into the seam between"qian"乾and"hai"亥)came into use;yet from Song to Ming dynasty,the geomantic"qianhai fengxian"and the"dipan zhengzhen"地盘正针(literally the needle on the Earth Plate that points rightly to"zi"and"wu")which are based on the"tianpan fengzhen",as well as the orientations with an appoximately 4 degree angle on each side of the"dipan zhengzhen"appeared.