我国基层健康扶贫政策进展、典型经验与启示

Policy progress,typical experiences and enlightenment of grass-root health poverty alleviation in our country

为梳理、总结典型地区基层健康扶贫工作经验,通过发函和会议等形式,收集全国25个中西部省(区、市)基层健康扶贫经验和做法,并选出40个典型地区进行案例分析。整体上,典型地区基层健康扶贫取得积极进展:①基层医疗卫生体系得到健全,包括村级医疗卫生机构人员空白点消除、医疗卫生机构标准化建设得到提升。②乡村医生队伍得到加强,服务能力得到提升。③创新性落实贫困人口签约服务。④积极探索基层卫生综合改革,县乡一体、乡村一体得到推进,基层一类保障、二类管理政策激发了基层卫生人员积极性,部分地区落实了乡聘村用政策,稳定了乡村医生队伍。基层健康扶贫创新性举措为其他地区乃至非贫困地区提供了良好经验与借鉴;由于贫困地区自身特征和服务能力不足,在未来一段时间依然需要财政扶持;后脱贫时期需要重点推进贫困地区基层卫生综合改革,深入提升自身服务和管理能力。

For teasing and summarizing working experiences of grass-root health poverty alleviation in typical areas,this study collects experiences and measures of grass-root health poverty alleviation from 25 midwest provinces(regions,cities),and elects 40 typical regions for cases analysis through notice and meeting.As a whole,grass-root health poverty alleviation in typical areas has achieved positive progress.1.Grass-root medical health system has been improved,the blank of medical institute personnel including all village has been cleared off,standardized construction of medical institute has been improved.2.Rural doctor team and their service capability have been strengthened.3.Innovatively implemented contract service for poverty stricken population.4.Positively explore grass-root health comprehensive reform,promote the integration of county and township,township and village;class 1 safeguard and class 2 management policies for grass-root has motivated enthusiasm of grass-root health workers,parts of areas have carried out the policy of township engaged for village using,so as to stabilize rural doctor team.The innovation measures of grass-root health poverty alleviation provide good experiences and references for other areas and even non-poor areas.However,because of insufficient of self-characteristics and service capability in poor areas,these areas need further financial support in a period time of future.It needs to focus on health comprehensive reform in poor areas in the post-poverty-alleviation period,and thoroughly improve self-service-management capacity.