德、日两国长期护理保险制度改革路径及对我国的启示——基于国际比较的视角

The reform path of long-term care insurance system in Germany and Japan and its enlightenment to our country——Based on the perspective of international comparison

在人口老龄化日益严重、老年人的护理需求不断增加的背景下,长期护理保险成为一些国家的选择,德国与日本较早就建立了长期护理保险制度,并针对该制度在实施过程中出现的一系列问题进行了数轮改革,取得了良好成效。我国的长期护理保险制度还处于试点阶段。通过对比发现,在适用对象、财务机制、评定标准和待遇给付等方面,我国与德、日两国存在一定的差异。因此,德、日两国相对成熟的护理保险制度改革,对我国长期护理保险制度的探索与完善具有重要的参考及借鉴意义。

Under the background of increasingly serious aging population and nursing needs of the elderly,long-term care insurance has become the choice of some countries.Germany and Japan established long-term care insurance system earlier,and carried out several rounds of reform in response to a series of problems encountered in the implementation process of the system,and achieved good results.Long-term care insurance system in our country is still in the pilot phase.This paper finds though comparing that there is a certain difference in applicable objects,financial mechanism,evaluation standard and salary payment with Germany and Japan.Therefore,the relative grown-up care insurance system in Germany and Japan has significant reference for exploring and perfecting long-term care insurance system in our country.