健康码采集处理公民个人信息的宪法界限

The Constitutional Limits of"Health Code"in Collecting and Processing Citizens’Personal Information

当前推行健康码意在通过采集公民个人的健康信息、身份信息、人际关系信息以及行动轨迹信息等,借助大数据技术对公民个人信息进行处理,分析出公民感染新冠肺炎病毒的风险,进而对公民进行监控和区分,达到防控和阻断新冠疫情传播的效果。健康码发挥作用的基础是对公民个人信息的有效采集和处理,作为一种数据化、科学化的疫情防控措施,能产生很好的正向效应,但也存在有效边界。我国宪法并不禁止政府、企业等主体采集处理公民的个人信息,但宪法的法治原则、尊重和保障人权原则、平等权、人格尊严、通信秘密和通信自由以及维护国家安全和利益的义务条款分别对其构成约束。只有尊重宪法的原则与精神、在宪法规定的界限内采集处理公民的个人信息,健康码才能真正成为"抗疫利器"。

The current implementation of"Health Code"is aimed at preventing and controlling the spread of novel coronavirus pneumonia,and to improve the health of the public.It is intended to collect health information,identity information,interpersonal information and action track information of citizens,and to deal with citizens’personal information with the help of big data technology.It can analyze the risk of novel coronavirus pneumonia among citizens,and then monitor and distinguish citizens."Health Code"plays a role based on the effective collection and processing of citizens’personal information.As a kind of data-based and scientific epidemic prevention and control measures,it can produce good positive effects,but there are also effective boundaries.China’s constitution does not prohibit the government,enterprises and other subjects to collect and process citizens’personal information,but the Constitution’s principles of rule of law,respect and protection of human rights,equal rights,human dignity,communication secrets and freedom,as well as the obligation to safeguard national security and interests restrict them respectively.Only by respecting the principles and spirit of the Constitution and collecting and processing citizens’personal information within the limits prescribed by the constitution,can"Health Code"really become a"sharp weapon against epidemic",rather than a"Leviathan"technology that violates and devours citizens’rights.