人口需求与医疗卫生服务供给之省级差异分析

Analysis of Provincial Differences of Population Demand and Medical and Health Service Supply

目的:研究医疗卫生服务供给能力和医疗资源分布规律,促进人民群众的健康利益,为政府分配医疗资源提供参考。方法:采用熵权法和综合评价法对我国31个省份的医疗服务供给能力进行建模评价,数据来源于2019年《中国统计年鉴》和《中国卫生健康统计年鉴》。结果:建立包含4个一级指标和17个二级指标的医疗卫生服务供给评价模型,其中物力资源是影响医疗服务供给能力最重要的指标。对31个省份医疗卫生服务供给能力进行综合量度评价,江苏、上海、北京医疗服务供给能力最强,西藏、青海、甘肃医疗服务供给能力最弱。结论:部分省份缺少高质量、高水平的三级医院,需注重医疗资源质量的发展;医疗服务供给能力向人口数量多、经济水平发达省份聚集,需对医疗资源进行供给侧结构性改革;优质医疗资源利用效率低,需加强医联体建设与远程医疗的应用,培养优秀的一线医师和药师人才。

Objective:To study the supply capacity of medical and health services and the distribution rules of medical resources and promote the health benefits of the general public so as to provide references for the government to allocate medical resources.Methods:The entropy weight method and the comprehensive evaluation method were used to model and evaluate the supply capacity of medical and health services of 31 provinces in China.The data came from the China Statistical Yearbook(2019)and China's Health Statistics Yearbook(2019).Results:This study established an evaluation model of medical and health service supply including 4 first level indicators and 17 second level indicators,among which material resources were the most important indicators affecting the supply capacity of medical services.The supply capacity of 31 provincial-level medical and health services was comprehensively evaluated.Jiangsu,Shanghai and Beijing had the strongest medical service supply capacity.Tibet,Qinghai and Gansu had the weakest medical service supply capacity.Conclusion:Some provinces lack high-quality and high-level tertiary hospitals and should pay attention to the development of the quality of medical resources.The supply capacity of medical services is remarkable in provinces with large populations and developed economy,and the supply-side structural reforms of medical resources are needed.The utilization of high-quality medical resources is inefficient.It is necessary to strengthen the construction of medical consortium and the application of telemedicine and cultivate excellent first-line physicians and pharmacists.