马克思博士论文中的自然观思想

The Idea of Nature View in Marx's Doctoral Dissertation

马克思的博士论文《德谟克利特的自然哲学和伊壁鸠鲁的自然哲学的差别》蕴含了丰富的自然观思想。在本体论上,马克思认为,自然既起源于物质,又由物质构成。在人类与自然界的关系层面,马克思批判了宗教神学,突出人的自我意识,实现了从神化自然向人化自然的转化,为人类认识自然、改造自然提供了可能性。在此基础上他还提出自然界是有限的,这启发我们不能无节制地利用自然,应合理适量地开发自然资源。

Marx's doctoral dissertation titled The Difference between Democritus'Philosophy of Nature and Epicurus'Philosophy of Nature,contains a wealth of ideas on the concept of nature.On the ontological level,Marx believed that nature both originates from and is constituted by matter.At the level of the relationship between human beings and nature,Marx criticized religious theology,highlighted human self-consciousness,realized the transformation from deified nature to humanized nature,and provided the possibility for human beings to know nature and transform it.On this basis,he also proposed that nature is finite,which inspires us not to use nature without restraint,but to develop natural resources in a reasonable and appropriate way.