SWAT模型在无水库出流量资料流域的研究与应用

Research and Application of SWAT Model in Basin Without Reservoir Outflow Data

自然流域受水库等人为因素的影响,水文循环随之发生改变,流域水文模型的建立往往需要考虑水库的因素,然而水库出流量资料的缺失会对模型精度造成一定程度的影响。运用SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tool)分布式水文模型,以天然状态下长时段日尺度水文模型为基础,利用模型中马斯京根原理建立上下游流量响应关系,得出水库出流量,以提高模拟水文循环的精度。并以广西壮族自治区桂林市桂江流域为例对该方法进行验证与应用,利用SWAT-CUP对桂江流域水文模型参数进行识别与验证,结果表明:通过弥补水库出流量后各水文站模拟径流更加贴近实测径流,其中桂林站月径流模拟评价因子决定系数(R_(2))、纳什系数(NS)由0.85、0.83提高到0.98、0.93,模型精度得到有效提高,为桂江流域水文管理提供技术手段。

Due to human factors such as reservoirs,the hydrological cycle of natural basins will change.During the establishment of a basin hydrological model,the reservoir factors should be considered.However,the lack of reservoir outflow data will affect the accuracy of the model to a certain extent.Based on the SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tool)distributed hydrological model,long-term daily-scale hydrological model under natural conditions,and Muskingum principle,this paper establishes the upstream and downstream flow response relationships,and obtains the reservoir outflow to improve the accuracy of the simulated hydrological cycle,applies the method to the Guijiang River Basin in Guilin City,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region for verification,and identifies and verifies the hydrological model parameters of the Guijiang River Basin through SWAT-CUP.The results show that the simulated runoff at each hydrological station after the availability of the reservoir outflow is close to the measured runoff.Among them,the monthly runoff simulation evaluation factors R_(2) and NS of Guilin Station are increased from 0.85 and 0.83 to 0.98 and 0.93 respectively,and the accuracy of the model is effectively improved,which provide technical means for hydrological management of the Guijiang River Basin.