基于有限元技术的仪表板综合特性评估及结构轻量化

Comprehensive Characteristic Evaluation and Structure Lightweight of Dashboard based on Finite Element Technology

针对乘用车仪表板的综合特性是否达标问题,首先约束仪表板有限元模型的连接点,得到其前三阶频率及阵型,以此进行模态特性评估。然后施加三倍重力加速度对其进行振动强度特性仿真分析,获取其应力水平。再在其薄弱区域加载相同的作用力对其进行抗凹特性仿真分析,得到其变形量。最后针对其某部位变形过大的问题进行局部加强,并采用第二代非劣排序遗传算法对其主要部位的厚度进行优化设计,获取其最佳的结构,优化之后其综合特性满足设计要求,同时质量减轻了14.6%,达到了综合性能与轻量化的最优化。

Aiming at the question of whether the comprehensive characteristic of the automotive dashboard could meet the standard,firstly,the connection points of the dashboard finite element model was constrained,its first three-order frequency and formation were obtained,so the modal characteristic was evaluated.Secondly,the vibration strength characteristic simulation analysis of the dashboard was done by applying three times acceleration of gravity,its stress level was obtained.Thirdly,the dent resistance simulation analysis of the dashboard was done by loading with the same force in weak area,its deformation extent were obtained.Lastly,the dashboard was local strengthened for the problem of excessive large deformation at some part,and its main parts thicknesses were optimal designed by adopting second generation non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm,its best structure was obtained.The comprehensive characteristic of the dashboard can meet design requirements after optimization,and its weight is reduced by 14.6%,so the optimization of comprehensive performance and lightweight are achieved.