国际自然保护地总体管理规划的演进、特征与趋势分析

Evolution,Characteristics and Trends of General Management Plans for Protected Areas in the World

中国正处于自然保护地体系改革的关键时期,自然保护地规划制度亟待优化,国际自然保护地总体管理规划的演进、特征与趋势分析对于建立中国自然保护地规划体系具有重要的借鉴意义。重点梳理了早期规划从“总体规划”到“总体管理规划”的演进;在分析各国规划的基础上,总结了总体管理规划在四个方面呈现出的现状特征:在规划体系中地位突出、承上启下;规划内容上强调价值阐述、目标确定、分区定策与监测反馈;规划程序经历了不同范式并不断发展,规划技术上呈现科学驱动、学科融汇的特征;根据现状特征分析提出自然保护地总体管理规划未来将呈现结构性与灵活性并重、系统性与科学性突出、整合性与针对性并存的发展趋势。

China is in a critical period of reforming the system of protected areas,there is an urgent need to optimize the planning system of protected areas.The analysis of evolution,characteristics,and trends of the general management plans of protected areas globally can provide reference to the establishment of China’s natural protected area planning system.The analysis was focused on the evolution from“master plan”to“general management plan”.Based on the analysis of planning practices in other countries,the general management plan was characterized in four aspects:1)the planning system has a prominent position and serves as a connection between the preceding and the following plans;2)Emphasizes on value elaboration,target setting,area-based decision making,and monitoring and feedbacking;3)Undergoes different paradigms and continuous development;4)Features science-driven and disciplinary-integration.In the future,the general management planning of protected areas will show the following development trends that emphasize on both the structure and flexibility,highlghting systematicness and scientificity,reflecting co-existence of integration and pertinence.