重要湿地生态状况评价方法及其应用--以华东地区国际重要湿地为例

Assessment of Ecological Status of Key Wetlands:Case Studies of International Important Wetlands in Eastern China

研究建立重要湿地生态状况评价指标体系和评价方法,对华东地区的9处国际重要湿地开展了湿地生态状况试验评价,提出管理水平提升对策和建议,旨在为中国重要湿地生态管理提供技术支撑。研究结果显示,2018年和2019年湿地生态状况均保持中等以上水平,且总体呈稳定上升、逐步优化的趋势,其中上海崇明东滩、上海长江口中华鲟、山东黄河三角洲三处国家重要湿地生态状况稳定为优良,两个年度湿地生态状况综合等级达到优良的比例分别为44.44%和33.33%。但国际重要湿地普遍受气候变化、外来物种入侵、环境污染、基础设施和旅游活动、人类生产生活影响,并展现出不同的生态状况变化趋势和特征。研究表明该评价指标体系和方法可反映重要湿地所处状态的压力因素,可为国家和地方湿地自然保护地保护管理提供一种快速、准确、科学的监测评价体系。

In order to provide technical support for the ecological management of important wetlands,we established an evaluation indicator system and evaluation method for ecological status of important wetlands,and carried out the experimental evaluation for ecological status of nine wetlands of international importance in Eastern China.The evaluation showed that the ecological status of wetlands in 2018 and 2019 remained above the medium level,with a trend of steady rise and gradual optimization.The ecological status of three wetlands of international importance,namely Shanghai Chongming East Beach,Shanghai Yangtze River Estuary and Shandong Yellow River Delta,were stable and excellent,and the proportion of excellent wetland ecological status in the two years was 44.44%and 33.33%respectively.But wetlands of international importance are generally affected by climate change,invasion by alien species,environmental pollution,infrastructure and tourism activities,human activities for production and livelihood,revealing various trends and characteristics of ecological changes.The indicator system and method of evaluation can reflect the pressure factors of important wetlands,and provide a rapid,accurate and scientific monitoring and evaluation system for the protection and management of national and local wetland nature reserves.Finally,this study puts forward countermeasures and suggestions to improve the management level of wetlands of international importance.