以危险方法危害公共安全罪的定罪实证分析与规则重述

Empirical Research and Rules Restatement of the Conviction of the Crime of Endangering Public safety by Dangerous Methods

刑法第114条“口袋罪”的兜底性设定,极易导致以危险方法危害公共安全罪的过度适用。通过实证分析可发现,行为危险的直接性和扩散性、场所人员密集、强化行为危险和主观故意等因素对司法认定具有不同程度的影响,呈现出正相关关系。理论契合度分析表明,应以不特定且多数人说来解释“公共”的含义,通过综合行为的“相当性”和场所的“相当性”来判定“危险方法”。同时,在以危险方法危害公共安全罪的认定中,应明确行为危险具有极度暴力性、高度盖然性和迅速扩散性,且发生在人员密集、流动之场所,并有必要以行为能够“一次性”危及不特定多数人的生命健康作为强化行为危险的前置要件,从而将其与故意杀人等其他罪行区分开来。

In the article 114 of the criminal law,the setting of"pocket crime"can easily lead to the risk of excessive judicial application of crimes against public safety by dangerous methods.Through empirical analysis,it can be found that the directness and diffusion of behavioral risk,the density of personnel in the site,the risk of intensified behavior and the subjective intention and other factors have different degrees of influence on the judicial determination,showing a positive correlation.Theoretical fit analysis shows that the meaning of"public"should be explained in terms of non-specific and most people,and"dangerous method"should be judged by combining the"equivalence"of behavior and"equivalence"of place.At the same time,in the cognizance of the crime of endangering public security with dangerous method,the risk is extremely violent should be clear,high probability and diffuse quickly,and occur in crowded conditions,the flow of the place,and it is necessary to conduct can"one-off"no specific most people life threatening health as improved behavior dangerous elements,so as to distinguish it from other crimes such as intentional killing.