新农村农户秸秆处置的综合效益分析

Comprehensive Benefit Analysis of Farmers’Straw Disposal for New Countryside in China

目的研究显性收益和隐性收益对新农村农户秸秆处置行为的影响。方法基于新农村建设背景和农户视角,通过对江苏省徐州市贾汪地区6个村的调研,将农户处置秸秆行为分为出售、还田、田间焚烧3种;构建了5种典型农户处置秸秆的情景,并进行成本效益和影响因素分析。结果在显性净收益模式下,农户还田不增肥的净收益为-26.80元/t,为农户还田的最优选择,秸秆收购价格应小于87.16元/t,增加政府处罚概率和力度可有效降低农户选择秸秆田间焚烧的行为;考虑隐性收益后,秸秆田间焚烧净收益为-198.45元/t,农户增肥还田的净收益为28.81元/t,为农户最优选择,农户不再选择秸秆田间焚烧。秸秆还田的影响因素依次为还田增产、机械成本、增肥成本和政府补贴。结论增强农户对于秸秆处置行为隐性效益的认知,能有效禁止秸秆田间焚烧,并指导农户主动参与秸秆还田或出售。

This paper puts forward explicit benefit and hidden benefit,and studies their impact on straw disposal behavior of farmers in new rural areas.Based on the background of new rural construction and the perspective of farmers,a survey of six villages was conducted on farmers’straw disposal behaviors in JiaWang District,Xuzhou City,Jiangsu Province,and the behaviors were divided into three types:selling,returning to the field,and burning in the field.Five typical scenarios of the disposal behaviors were established,and the corresponding analysis of the cost-benefit and influencing factors was carried out.The results indicate that when only explicit net profit is considered,the net income of farmers who choose the behavior of returning to the field without increasing fertilizer is-26.80 yuan/ton,which is the best choice for farmers among all scenarios.The purchase price of straw should be less than 87.16 yuan/ton,and increasing the probability and intensity of government punishment can effectively reduce the farmers’choice of burning in the field.After comprehensively considering the recessive profit,the net income of the behavior of burning straw in the field is-198.45 yuan/ton,and the net income of the behavior of returning to the field with increasing fertilizer is 28.81 yuan/ton,which is the best choice for farmers.In this circumstance,farmers will no longer choose to burn straw in the field.The influencing factors of returning straw to the field are,in order,increasing production,mechanical cost,cost of increasing fertilizer,and government subsidies.Enhancing farmers′awareness of the hidden benefits of straw disposal behavior can effectively prohibit straw burning in the field,and guide farmers to actively participate in straw returning or selling.