妒忌的心理机制研究概述及展望

Retrospect and Prospect on the Study of Psychological Mechanisms of Envy

妒忌是一种常见的社会情绪。目前诱发妒忌情绪的主要研究范式有故事法、情境法和游戏法。以往研究从行为和神经生理两个层面考察了妒忌情绪的相关心理机制:当个体意识到别人具备自己试图拥有但却缺乏的优势时,其会产生强烈的妒忌情绪;妒忌情绪的产生会伴随着额叶、脑岛等脑区和P3晚成分更强烈的活动性。研究者发现激素水平差异、脑区的功能性差异、年龄差异、情绪调节类型的差异均会影响个体对妒忌情绪的识别能力和主观体验度。未来的研究需要就提高妒忌研究的生态效度、关注妒忌的特异性问题等方面进行更多的探索,从而为人们正确应对妒忌情绪提供更有力的实证支持。

Envy is a social-comparison-based emotion.Envy is often elicited by telling a story about enviable persons,imagining enviable situations or playing a game with enviable persons.Previous studies have investigated behavioral and neural mechanisms underlying envy.For behavioral studies,when one realize that others have the advantages he or she tries to have but doesn't have,he or she feels very jealous.Correspondingly,neural studies have found that envy elicits the activations in several brain regions(e.g.,frontal and insula)and increases P3 amplitudes in event-related potentials.Moreover,envy-evoked behavioral and neural responses are modulated by hormones,the functions of brain regions,ages and emotion regulation strategies.Future studies should improve the external validity of envy measurement and pay close attention to its specificity,which will help to provide more empirical evidence on coping with envy.