英国国家创新体系建设:经验与启示

The Construction of UK National Innovation System:Experience and Enlightenment

创新是引领发展的第一动力,是提高社会生产力和综合国力的战略支撑。本文梳理总结了英国国家创新体系建设的演变历程和经验特点。作为国家创新体系的策源地,英国国家创新体系建设以政府、高校、科研机构、企业各创新主体之间的互动方式与互动程度为主线,大致经历萌芽与探索、形成与发展、改革与深化三个各具特色的发展阶段。其在创新人才培养、科研体制构建、科研经费投入、创新环境营造、科研绩效评价方面“五位一体”的具体实践,为新时期我国国家创新体系建设及科技创新治理的改革实践提供了诸多启示与有益借鉴。

Innovation is the most important driving force to lead the development and the strategic support to improve social productivity and comprehensive national power.This paper summarizes the evolution and experience of the construction of national innovation system in the UK.As the birthplace of national innovation system,the construction of UK national innovation system is based on the interaction mode and degree among government,universities,scientific research institutions and enterprises.It has roughly experienced three distinctive development stages:germination and exploration,formation and development,reform and deepening.Its"five in one"experience exploration and practice of national innovation system construction in the aspects of innovative talents training,scientific research system construction,scientific research funding,innovation environment construction and scientific research performance evaluation,provide a lot of enlightenment and useful reference for the reform and practice of national innovation system construction and scientific and technological innovation governance in the new period.