γδT细胞对肿瘤发生、发展的影响及其在肿瘤免疫治疗中的应用

Effect ofγδT cells on tumorigenesis and its application in tumor immunotherapy

T细胞是不同于传统αβT细胞的独特T细胞亚群,其TCR由γ链和δ链组成。作为固有免疫和获得性免疫之间的桥梁,γδT细胞参与多种免疫应答过程,包括肿瘤发生、发展进程中的多种免疫反应。γδT细胞对多种肿瘤细胞具有直接的杀伤作用,也可间接的通过影响其他免疫细胞(如树突状细胞、CD8^(+)T细胞等)的功能发挥抗肿瘤免疫应答。然而,近些年也有研究表明,肿瘤微环境中存在的γδT细胞与某些肿瘤的不良预后有关,提示某些γδT细胞亚群也可能具有促肿瘤作用。本文将对γδT细胞的主要亚群、γδT细胞识别肿瘤抗原的机制、γδT细胞对于肿瘤进程的影响以及其在免疫治疗中的应用做一综述。

T cells are a distinct subset of T cells different from conventional αβ T cells,whose TCR consists ofγchains andδchains.As a bridge between innate immunity and acquired immunity,γδT cells are involved in a variety of immune response processes,including multiple immune responses in the development of tumorigenesis.γδT cells have a direct killing effect on a variety of tumors,and can also exert anti-tumor immune responses by indirectly affecting the function of other immune cells,such as dendritic cells and CD8^(+)T cells.However,in recent years,there are studies have also shown that the presence ofγδT cells in the tumor microenvironment is associated with poor prognosis of certain tumors,suggesting that someγδT cells may also have tumor-promoting effects.In this review,we describe the major subpopulation ofγδT cells,the mechanism by whichγδT cells recognize tumor antigens,the effect ofγδT cells on tumor progression and its application in immunotherapy.