基于“碳中和”的氢能应用场景与发展趋势展望

Perspective on Application Scenario and Development Trend of Hydrogen Energy Based on Carbon Neutralization

氢能是可再生二次能源,具有无碳无毒、单位质量能量密度高及来源丰富等特点。中国是全球最大的能源生产国和消费国,为了应对气候变暖,减少温室气体排放,实现2060年“碳中和”目标,氢能是很好的无碳能源载体。基于“碳中和”情景,提出“零碳排放”模式下的氢能物质能量转换流程。本文通过制氢、储运、终端应用三个环节,结合储能、燃料电池、氢气内燃机、长距离输送、加氢站、发电和建筑用能七个应用场景,对氢能未来的发展趋势进行了展望。研究发现,氢能的应用存在技术或成本方面的不足。展望2060年,电能是中国能源体系构架的核心能源,氢能是有益的补充能源,建议从技术创新和成本平价两方面入手,实现基于“碳中和”的氢能应用场景。

Hydrogen energy is a renewable secondary energy,which has the characteristics of no carbon,no toxicity,high energy density per unit mass and rich sources.China is the largest energy producer and consumer in the world.In order to cope with climate wanning,reduce greenhouse gas emissions and achieve the goal of carbon emission neutralization in 2060,hydrogen energy is a good carbon-free energy carrier.Based on the carbon neutralization scenario,the hydrogen matter-energy conversion process is proposed under the mode of zero carbon emission.Through the three links of hydrogen generation,storage&transportation,and terminal application,the future development trend of hydrogen energy is prospected combined with seven application scenarios of energy storage,fuel cell,hydrogen engine,long-distance transportation,hydrogenation station,power generation and building energy consumption.It is found that there are technical or cost weaknesses in the application of hydrogen energy.Looking forward to 2060,electric energy will be the core energy of China’s energy system framework,and hydrogen energy will be a beneficial supplementary energy.It is suggested to start with technological innovation and cost parity to realize the hydrogen energy application scenario based on carbon neutralization.