我国应对突发公共卫生事件方案评估——以新型冠状病毒肺炎为例

Evaluation of China’s response to Public Health Emergencies:take Coronavirus Disease for example

目的为了在未来遇到类似突发状况时能够更加迅速有效地展开应对,同时给世界各国提供一个控制疫情的参考方法。方法从中华人民共和国中央人民政府、中华人民共和国国家卫生健康委员会、国家医疗保障局、中华人民共和国人力资源和社会保障部官网搜集2020年3月底前的数据,整理针对新型冠状病毒肺炎发布的政策文件和部分国家病例数量,进行统计分析,以此对我国应对此次突发公共卫生事件方案进行评估。结果在2020年3月底前,我国发布的77个相关政策文件中,工作安排方面共出现34次,劳动保障方面共出现31次,提高意识方面共出现27次,医药救治方面共出现22次,方案指导方面共出现13次,社会保障方面共出现6次,打击违法方面共出现3次;此时中国新型冠状病毒肺炎的死亡率为4.01%,治愈率为92.33%,而意大利的死亡率为11.39%,英国的治愈率为0.68%。结论中国应对新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情的方案卓有成效,统一高效的工作安排,提供充分的劳动保障,多方面提高全国防疫意识有利于控制疫情蔓延,在未来的工作中有关部门仍可在打击违法、社会保障、部门联动、国际协调方面加大力度。

Objective To deal with similar emergencies more quickly and effectively in the future,and to provide a reference method to control the epidemic situation for countries all over the world.Methods Data was collected from the Central People’s Government of the People’s Republic of China,the National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China,the National Medical Security Administration,and the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security of the People’s Republic of China before the end of March 2020,and the policy documents and the number of cases in some countries issued on COVID-19 was conducted for statistical analysis.Based on this,the country’s response to this public health emergency was evaluated.Results Before the end of March 2020,a total of 77 working papers were published,among which 34 were related to relevant policies,31 were related to labor protection,27 times were related to raising the consciousness,22 were related to medical treatment,13 were related to programme guidance,6 were related to social security,and 3 were related to cracking down on illegal act.At this time,the mortality rate of the COVID-19 in China was 4.01%,and the curative rate was 92.33%,while the mortality rate in Italy was 11.39%,and the cure rate in the UK was 0.68%.Conclusion China’s response to the COVID-19 epidemic has been very effective.It has unified and efficient work arrangements and provided adequate labor security.Raising national awareness of epidemic prevention in many aspects is conducive to controlling the spread of the epidemic.In future work,relevant departments can still increase their efforts in cracking down on illegality,social security,departmental linkage,and international coordination.