美国高校教师职业失范行为的治理

The Governance of Faculty Misconduct in American Universities

美国高校教师职业失范行为的治理受到多重逻辑的影响和制约。高校、专业协会、联邦政府和法院四类行动主体遵循各自的治理逻辑,明晰各自的职责定位,坚持定性准确、分类明确、程序正当、证据充足、处分恰当的惩戒原则,实现了治理主体的多元化、治理制度的规范化以及治理手段的法制化。在多重治理逻辑的联动和博弈中,四重主体不断重构新的治理关系,形成高校责任主体突出,专业组织、联邦政府和司法机构彼此配合并相互制衡的治理格局。中国可借鉴美国高校教师职业失范行为的系统分类、分级惩戒体系和多阶段处理程序等经验,完善高校师德师风和教师专业伦理建设,为捍卫“师道尊严”提供多重制度保障。

The governance of faculty misconduct in American universities is affected and restricted by multiple governance logic.Universities,professional institutions,the federal government and the court boast their respective governance logic and responsibility.They adhere to the punishment principles that are precise and classified in a proper procedure with sufficient evidence so as to realize the diversified governance subject,the standardized governance system and the legalized governance method.With multiple governance logic,they continue to reconstruct new governance relations and patterns and build a governance structure network in which universities hold themselves accountable as professional institutions,the federal government,and the court balance and cooperate with each other.China can learn from the systematic classification,the progressive discipline system,and the multi-stage processing procedures of faculty misconduct in American universities.The teaching atmosphere and professional ethics in Chinese higher education can thus be improved to provide multiple institutional guarantees for defending the dignity of teachers.