高校教学设计师的美国经验及其启示

The American Experience and Enlightenment of University Instructional Designers

教学设计师对美国本科教育实现从“教”到“学”的范式变革起到关键作用。教学设计师应美国高等教育质量提升需求而产生,又应时代发展而不断变化,是美国高校教师教学能力得到整体提升的有力保障。教学设计师在美国高校中承担着多样化的角色,他们既是课堂教学的变革者,也是信息技术的嵌入者,还是教学改革的领导者。从美国高校对教学设计师的培养来看,突出强调满足多样化的学习需求,强调学生真实情境应用能力,突出问题导向的能力要素等方面。中国高校教师教学能力的整体提升需要制度性建设,高校需要对教学设计师进行专门培育,设置教学设计师专业岗位,并赋予教学设计师在教学改革中的引领作用。

The emergence of“instructional designer”plays a key role in the paradigm transformation from“teaching”to“learning”in American universities.Instructional designers arise in response to the demand for the improvement of the quality of American higher education,and they are constantly changing in response to the development of the times.They are a powerful guarantee for the overall improvement of the teaching ability of American college teachers.Instructional designers play a variety of roles in American universities.They are not only the reformers of classroom teaching,but also the embedders of information technology and the leaders of teaching reform.From the perspective of the training of teaching designers in American universities,the emphasis is placed on diverse learning needs,student'real situation application ability,and the elements of problem-oriented ability.The overall improvement of teaching ability of teachers in universities in China requires institutional construction,and the universities need to cultivate instructional designers,set up teaching designer posts,and give teaching designers a leading role in teaching reform.