播期和整地方式对湖南玉米机械播种的影响

Effect of Sowing Date and Soil Preparation Mode on Mechanical Sowing of Maize in Hunan Province

为研究播期和整地方式对湖南玉米机械播种的影响,提高播种质量,以前期筛选的2BFG-4型玉米精量播种机为播种机械,2018年将8个玉米品种分两个播期(春播、夏播)进行机播,播前不整地;2019年将10个玉米品种春季机播,播前整地。结果显示,播期对机播出苗率影响较大,机播出苗率夏播显著高于春播,高18.1百分点;播期对机播粒距合格指数、重播率无显著影响,但漏播率夏播显著低于春播。对2年采用不同的整地方式(播前整地与不整地)播种的4个玉米品种进行比较分析,发现整地方式显著影响机播粒距合格指数,机播粒距合格指数播前整地机播比播前不整地机播提高20.0百分点,出苗率提高12.7百分点,重播指数、漏播指数分别低4.2、15.8百分点,整地后机播效果可达国家标准。因此,播期和整地方式影响湖南玉米机械播种效果。

In order to study the effect of sowing date and soil preparation methods on mechanical sowing of maize in Hunan Province and improve the sowing quality,the 2 BFG-4 maize precision corn seeder selected in the early stage was used as the sowing machine,8 maize varieties were mechanically sowed in two sowing dates(spring sowing and summer sowing)in 2018,and the soil was not prepared before sowing;10 maize varieties were mechanically sowed in spring in 2019 and the soil was prepared before sowing.The results showed that the sowing date had great influence on the seedling emergence rate of machine sowing,and the seedling emergence rate of summer sowing was significantly higher than that of spring sowing,with an increase of 18.1%,while the sowing date had no significant effect on the qualified index of grain distance and reseeding rate,but the rate of missing sowing of summer sowing was significantly lower than that of spring sowing.Comparison analysis of the same 4 maize varieties sown by different soil preparation methods(pre-sowing soil preparation and non-sowing soil preparation)from 2018 to 2019 showed that,the qualified index of machine sowing grain distance was significantly affected by soil preparation methods,and the qualified index of machine sowing grain distance of pre-sowing soil preparation was 20.0%higher than that of non-sowing soil preparation before sowing.The seedling emergence rate increased by 12.7%,the replay index and missed sowing index decreased by 4.2%and 15.8%,respectively,and the effect of machine sowing after soil preparation could meet the national standard.Therefore,the sowing date and the way of soil preparation affect the effect of mechanical sowing of corn in Hunan Province.