2016—2019年中国高校学生健康素养水平Meta分析

Meta-analysis on health literacy among undergraduates in China during 2016-2019

目的对2016—2019年中国高校学生健康素养水平研究进行Meta分析,了解大学生健康素养水平及其变化趋势,为提升大学生健康素养水平提供建议。方法系统检索万方、中国知网、维普、中国生物医学数据库和PubMed中有关中国在校大学生健康素养的中英文文献,检索起止时间为2016年1月1日至2020年7月10日,使用R 3.5.1对纳入研究进行Meta分析。结果共纳入28篇文献,总样本量为54893人,总体健康素养水平为19.04%(95%CI:14.40%~25.16%),健康知识与观念、健康生活方式与行为和基本健康技能水平及95%CI分别为31.02%(24.88%~37.16%)、28.82%(21.73%~35.91%)和35.02%(26.12%~43.92%);安全与急救、科学健康观、健康信息素养、慢性病预防、传染病预防和基本医疗素养水平及95%CI分别为54.22%(43.28%~65.15%)、55.21%(45.87%~64.54%)、36.11%(28.45%~43.76%)、26.51%(18.96%~34.06%)、24.73%(20.68%~28.79%)、20.92%(15.14%~28.91%)。与2015年及之前相比,除基本健康技能、科学健康观、传染病预防和基本医疗素养水平外,各类健康素养水平均有上升。亚组分析发现,汉族学生健康素养水平稍高于少数民族;城市和发达地区学生健康素养水平稍高于农村和欠发达地区;医学生健康素养水平高于其他专业学生,差异无统计学意义。结论大学生总体健康素养水平较以往有所增高,但各方面素养发展不均衡。各方应协力提升大学生健康素养。

Objective To evaluate the health literacy level of undergraduates in China during 2016-2019 with the method of meta-analysis,and to provide evidences and advice for the improvement of students′health literacy.Methods Searches were conducted through electronic journal databases(Wanfang,CNKI,Chongqing VIP,Chinese Biological Medical Literature and PubMed)during the period from January 1,2016 to July 10,2020.R software(3.5.1)was used for meta-analysis.Results 28 literatures were included in this study,the sample size was 54893.The overall health literacy level was 19.04%(95% CI:14.40%-25.16%),health knowledge level,health behavior literacy level and basic health skill literacy level were 31.02%(95%CI:24.88%-37.16%),28.82%(95%CI:21.73%-35.91%)and 35.02%(95%CI:26.12%-43.92%).The literacy levels of safety and aid,scientific health view,health information,chronic disease prevention,infectious disease prevention and basic medical treatment were 54.22%(95%CI:43.28%-65.15%),55.21%(95%CI:45.87%-64.54%),36.11%(95%CI:28.45%-43.76%),26.51%(95%CI:18.96%-34.06%),24.73%(95%CI:20.68%-28.79%)and 20.92%(95%CI:15.14%-28.91%).Compared with 2015,the levels of basic health skill,scientific health view,infectious disease prevention and basic medical treatment had declined in different degrees.Subgroup analyses found the overall health literacy of Han students was higher than that of minority students.Students whose family lived in urban areas or in developed areas had higher health literacy than those whose family lived in rural areas or in less developed areas.Medical students had higher health literacy level than students in other majors,but the differences above showed no statistical significance.Conclusion The overall health literacy level of Chinese college and university students had improved slightly.Relative intervention should be carried out to improve health literacy of students in college and university.