高速动车组车内低沉噪声声品质评价分析

Evaluation and Analysis of Sound Quality of Droning Noise in High-speed Trains

针对现场反馈复兴号动车组车内噪声主观感知低沉问题,在载客运营条件下,对动车组车内噪声进行测试分析。采用音调度、粗糙度、尖锐度、响度和抖动度5个声品质客观心理声学评价参量对车内噪声进行综合评价分析。研究结果表明,车内低沉噪声是由于高强度40 Hz单频噪声引起。虽然低沉噪声A计权声压级较小,但是有高强度40 Hz单频纯音成分,使人主观感知异常烦躁,这说明传统的A计权声压级无法客观描述人耳的听觉感受。通过声品质客观心理声学参量评价,能够对高速动车组车内噪声主观感知进行客观量化。通过主客观评价结果相关性分析,音调度的相关系数达到0.994,成为严重影响高速动车组车内噪声主观感知结果的关键客观参量。

Aiming at the droning noise in Fuxing high-speed trains,the interior noises were measured under passenger carrying conditions.The interior noises were evaluated through five objective psychoacoustic evaluation parameters,namely loudness,sharpness,roughness,fluctuation strength and tonality.The results show that the droning noises are caused by high-intensity 40 Hz single frequency noise.Although the A-weighted sound pressure level of abnormal noise is lower,it is composed of high-intensity 40 Hz single-frequency pure tone components,which makes people extremely annoyed in their subjective perception.Therefore,the traditional A-weighted sound pressure level cannot objectively describe human auditory experience.The subjective perception of interior noise in high speed trains can be objectively quantified using objective psychoacoustic parameters.Through subjective and objective evaluation correlation analysis,the correlation coefficient of tonality is 0.994.It can be seen that tonality plays a critical role in the subjective perception evaluation of sound quality.