皖南地区民居的功能拓扑关系解析

ANALYSIS OF TOPOLOGICAL RELATIONS ON REGIONAL DWELLING FUNCTIONS IN SOUTHERN ANHUI

以皖南地区民居为研究对象,对50余户新民居进行调研和测绘,从空间连接关系的视角切入,将民居空间连接关系进行抽象,运用空间拓扑结构关系的研究方法,构建民居平面拓扑关系图解,解析拓扑结构的结点空间类型以及链形、树形、环形3种局部构形的特征。通过对拓扑结构的计算,将民居空间拓扑关系分为:院落连接型、堂屋连接型、走道连接型和复合连接型4类,将拓扑关系中多层树型、多层多枝型和多层环型的整体构形特征与空间的功能属性相结合,揭示民居生活方式和空间布局的同构特征。研究表明民居的平面设计具有一定的通用组织模式,体现了民居平面组织的地域性特征。民居拓扑结构的研究也为工业化背景下民居平面的组合提供了标准化组合形式和设计依据。

Taking the dwellings in southern Anhui as the research objects, more than 50 newly-built dwellings were investigated and surveyed, and the spatial connection relations were abstracted from the perspective of spatial connection. Using the research method of spatial topological structure relations, the topological relations of dwelling plans and the characteristics of space types of topological nodes and three kinds of local structure including chains, trees, and ring were analyzed. Through calculation of the topological structure, the spatial topological relations of dwellings were divided into four connection types: courtyards, halls, corridors and composites. On the basis, the overall structure characteristics of hierarchic trees, hierarchic trees with multiple branches, and hierarchic trees with ring relations were combined with the functional attributes of spaces, revealing the isomorphic characteristics of residential lifestyles and spatial layouts. The research showed that the plan design of the dwellings had a certain general organization mode, which reflectd the regional characteristics of organization for dwelling plans. The research of topological structure for dwellings could provid standardized combination forms and design basis for the combination of dwelling plans in the background of industrialization.