基于施肥及空间分布特性的江苏茶园可持续发展研究

Research on Sustainable Development of Jiangsu Tea Gardens Based on the Fertilization and Spatial Distribution Characteristics

茶树是一种多年生作物,现已成为我国乡村致富的重要产业。为了掌握江苏茶园土壤养分现状及施肥方式对茶园养分环境的影响,对江苏省主产茶区128个茶园施肥方式进行调研,测定其pH值及有机质,碱解氮、速效磷、全钾以及钙、镁等微量元素及部分重金属物质含量,同时对经纬度和不同茶园营养元素之间的相关性进行分析。结果表明:江苏茶园pH值介于3.82~6.14之间,有机质含量介于11.1~29.4 g/kg之间,碱解氮含量介于42.23~119.45 mg/kg之间,速效磷含量介于13.75~289.71 mg/kg之间,全钾含量介于53.61~79.35 g/kg之间;有机质含量与取样点经纬度均存在显著相关关系(r=0.743 0和r=-0.691 0),土壤全钾含量与取样点经度均存在显著负相关关系(r=-0.820),与取样点纬度存在显著正相关关系(r=0.699 2),有机质含量与碱解氮和速效磷含量成显著正相关(r=0.831 9和r=0.668 1),与速效钾含量间存在显著负相关关系(r=-0.909 3);土壤pH值和镍元素之间存在极显著正相关关系(r=0.904 9)。总体而言,江苏茶园土壤总体肥力较好,部分茶园存在酸化现象,茶园有机质含量越高,碱解氮和有效磷含量越高,有效钾含量越低。尿素的大量施用是导致江苏茶园土壤酸化严重的重要原因,应采取有机肥(菜籽饼)与尿素相结合的施肥方式,并注意土壤改良剂的应用和尿素的施用,以利于茶园营养物质的可持续利用和高质量发展。

Tea tree is a perennial crop,which has become an important industry for rural prosperity in our country.In order to understand the current situation of soil nutrients in tea gardens in Jiangsu Province and the effects of fertilization methods on the nutrient environment of tea gardens,128 tea gardens in Jiangsu Province were investigated.pH value,and the contents of organic matter,alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen,available phosphorus,total potassium,calcium,magnesium and some heavy metals were determined.At the same time,the correlation between longitude and latitude and nutrient elements in different tea gardens was analyzed.The results showed that the pH value of Jiangsu tea gardens ranged from 3.82 to 6.14,the content of organic matter ranged from 11.1 g/kg to 29.4 g/kg,the content of alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen ranged from 42.23 mg/kg to 119.45 mg/kg,the content of available phosphorus ranged from 13.75 mg/kg to 289.71 mg/kg,and the content of total potassium ranged from 53.61 g/kg to 79.35 g/kg.There was a significant correlation between the content of organic matter and the longitude and latitude of the sampling points(r=0.7430 and r=-0.6910),while there was a significant negative correlation between the content of total potassium and the longitude of the sampling points(r=-0.820),a significant positive correlation between the content of organic matter and the latitude of the sampling points(r=0.6992),and a significant positive correlation between the content of organic matter and the contents of alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen and available phosphorus(r=0.8319 and r=0.6681).There was a significant negative correlation between organic matter and available potassium(r=-0.9093).There was a significant positive correlation between soil pH value and Ni(r=0.9049).In general,the soil fertility of tea gardens in Jiangsu Province is good,and some tea gardens are acidified.The higher the content of organic matter,the higher the contents of alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen and available phosphorus,and the lower the content of available potassium.A large amount of urea application is an important reason for the serious acidification of tea garden soil in Jiangsu Province.The combination of organic fertilizer(rapeseed cake)and urea should be adopted,and the attention should be paid to the application of soil conditioner and urea,so as to promote the sustainable utilization and high-quality development of tea garden nutrients.