云霄县枇杷果园桔小实蝇发生规律研究

Occurrence Regularity of Bactrocera dorsalis in Loquat Orchard in Yunxiao County

为了指导云霄县枇杷果园及混栽果园桔小实蝇的防治工作,2017—2018年对该地区枇杷果园及混栽果园桔小实蝇发生规律进行了系统观测,研究了气温、降雨量和寄主等因素对桔小实蝇种群动态的影响。结果表明:云霄县周年温度条件总体上适宜桔小实蝇生存繁殖,枇杷果园桔小实蝇周年发生,种群数量消长曲线为双峰型,即在一年中有2个种群高峰期(5月和9月),在月平均低温在15℃以下的冬季(12月至来年2月)、早春(3月)和月平均高温在33℃以上的夏季(7—8月)桔小实蝇种群数量减少;云霄县降水主要集中在夏季,夏季较多的降雨导致桔小实蝇种群数量较低;寄主水果成熟期的交替出现保证了桔小实蝇的食物供应,4—5月和8—9月集中成熟的多种寄主为桔小实蝇的大量发生提供了重要的物质基础,使种群数量迅速增长,形成种群高峰;混栽果园(枇杷+柑橘)与单一种植果园(枇杷)监测到的桔小实蝇种群动态年消长情况基本一致,但混栽果园的桔小实蝇发生量更大。

In order to guide the control of Bactrocera dorsalis in loquat orchards and mixed orchards in Yunxiao County,the occurrence regularity of Bactrocera dorsalis in loquat orchard and mixed orchard in Yunxiao County was systematically observed from 2017 to 2018,and the influences of temperature,rainfall and host on the population dynamics of Bactrocera dorsalis were studied.The results showed that the annual temperature conditions in Yunxiao County were generally suitable for the survival and reproduction of Bactrocera dorsalis.The annual occurrence of Bactrocera dorsalis in loquat orchard showed a bimodal population growth and decline curve,that is,there were two population peaks in a year(May and September).The population of Bactrocera dorsalis decreased in winter(December to February of the next year)and early spring(March)with the monthly average low temperature below 15℃,and summer(July to August)with the monthly average high temperature above 33℃.Rainfall in Yunxiao County was mainly concentrated in summer,and more rainfall in summer resulted in a low population of Bactrocera dorsalis.The alternate appearance of host fruit ripening period ensured the food supply of Bactrocera dorsalis,and the centralized ripening of various hosts in April to May and August to September provided an important material basis for the occurrence of Bactrocera dorsalis in large numbers,which made the population increase rapidly and formed the population peak.The population dynamics of Bactrocera dorsalis in mixed orchards(loquat+citrus)and monocropped orchards(loquat)were basically the same,but the occurrence of Bactrocera dorsalis in mixed orchards was greater.