农村环境卫生相关的健康教育与健康促进干预效果分析

Effect evaluation of comprehensive intervention measures on environmental sanitation in rural areas

目的通过分析农村环境卫生相关的健康教育和健康促进干预措施的效果,比较干预前后村庄环境卫生状况及居民个人卫生知识和行为的改变,为改善农村环境卫生、提高居民个人健康素养提供数据支持。方法在河南和四川省各选择1个乡镇,于2016—2018年在所选乡镇所有村开展环境卫生相关的健康教育和健康促进。干预前后分别调查每村环境卫生状况并每村随机调查10名居民及家庭环境卫生状况。结果健康教育和健康促进干预后37个村有健康教育资源的村增多,有管理制度及规划的村增多,生活垃圾随意堆放、生活污水随意排放的村减少。干预前后分别调查了 369户、373户家庭,干预后使用自来水的家庭由69.11%增加到85.79%,使用卫生厕所家庭由40.11%增加到54.16%,家庭室内卫生、庭院卫生、厕所卫生明显改善,差异均有统计学意义(P <0.05)。干预后居民个人卫生知识总知晓率由58.81%提高到70.38%,卫生行为总形成率由45.29%提高到67.59%,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。结论在农村开展环境卫生相关的健康教育和健康促进干预措施,并建立健康教育宣传长效机制,能改善村容村貌并提高农村居民环境卫生相关的卫生知识,促进养成良好的卫生行为习惯的养成,提升自身卫生素养和健康水平。

Objective To provide data support for improving rural environmental health and personal health literacy,andto evaluate the effects of health education and health promotion interventions related to rural environmental health.Methods Health education and health promotion activities related to environmental sanitation were carried out in all villageswhich werelocated in selected towns in Henan Province and Sichuan Province from 2016 to 2018.Before and after the intervention,the environmental health status of each village was investigated,and 10 residents and their families were randomly surveyed in each village.Results After health education and health promotion intervention,the number of villages with health education resources was increased,the number of villages with management system and planning was increased,the number of villages with random stacking of domestic waste and random discharge of domestic sewage were decreased.369 families and 373 families were investigated before and after the intervention.After the intervention,the number of families using tap water was increased from 69.11% to 85.79%,and the number of families using sanitary toilet was increased from40.11 % to 54.16%.The indoor hygiene,courtyard hygiene and toilet hygiene of families were significantly improved,and the differences were statistically significant(P <0.05).After the intervention,the total awareness rate of personal health knowledge was increased from 58.81% to 70.38%,and the total formation rate of health behavior was increased from45.29% to 67.59%(P <0.05).Conclusion To carry out health education and health promotion intervention measures related to environmental sanitation in rural areas,and to establish a long-term mechanism of health education and publicity can improve the environment of villages andtheir own health literacy and health level,and promote the formation of good health behavior habits.