2005—2019年中山市丙型肝炎流行特征分析

Epidemiological characteristics of hepatitis C in Zhongshan City,2005-2019

目的掌握2005—2019年中山市丙肝报告病例的流行特征和趋势。方法采用描述流行病学方法对2005—2019年中山市丙型肝炎报告病例资料和2009—2019年监测人群丙肝抗体数据进行分析。结果 2005—2019年中山市丙型肝炎年均报告发病率为27.40/10万。2005—2009年、2010—2014年、2015—2019年平均报告发病率分别为14.52/10万、32.91/10万、33.05/10万,报告发病率呈上升趋势,但上升速度明显减缓,在2017年以后逐年下降。报告病例以临床诊断病例为主(29.42%,3631/12 344)。报告发病数自3月份起上升,无明显的季节性发病高峰。男性报告病例大于女性,30~39年龄组报告发病率最高,40岁以上年龄组发病占比逐渐增大。报告病例职业构成主要以家务及待业为主且其构成比逐年上升。中心城区的报告发病率均高于乡镇地区。吸毒人群HCV抗体阳性率较高但呈下降趋势,其余6类人群抗体水平较低。暗娼、男男性行为者、性病门诊男就诊者、流动人群4类高危人群的HCV阳性率大于青年学生、孕产妇等一般人群。结论 2005—2019年中山市丙型肝炎报告发病呈先升后降趋势。应提高医疗机构的确诊检测率;扩大对40岁以上年龄组人群筛查,及早发现和治疗;强化监测,加强对青壮年待业男性的教育干预,最大可能降低传播风险。

Objective To explore the epidemiological characteristics and trend of hepatitis C in Zhongshan City from2005 to 2019.MethodsDescriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the reported cases of hepatitis C from 2005 to2019 and the surveillance data from 2009 to 2019 in Zhongshan City.Methods Descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the reported cases of hepatitis C from 2005 to 2019 and the surveillance data from 2009 to 2019 in Zhongshan City.Results The annual reported incidence rate of hepatitis C in Zhongshan was 27.40/100 000 in 2005-2019.The reported incidence rateswere on slowly rising trends(14.52/100 000 in 2005-2009,32.91/100 000 in 2010-2014,33.05/100 000 in2015-2019,respectively) and decreased from 2017.The caseswere mainly fromclinical diagnosis(29.42%,3631/12 344),andincreased since March without significant seasonal peak every year.The number of malecases washigher than that of female.The reported incidence rate in age group 30-39 wasthe highest,and theproportion ofcases in age group over 40 years old was increased gradually.The main occupation of the caseswas housework and unemploymentwith the constituent ratio increased year by year.The incidence rate in central urban area was higher than that in town.According to the surveillance data,the positive rate of HCV antibody in drug users was high but showed a downward trend while the other 6 groupsexpressed low levels.Furthermore,the positive rates in high-risk populations such as female sex workers,men who have sex with men,male STD patients and migrant population were higher than those in young students and pregnant women.Conclusion Hepatitis C shows a trend of rising and then decreasing in 2005-2019 in Zhongshan.It should enhancethe diagnosis detection in medical institutions and expandscreening for people aged above 40 years old.Strengthenedintervention and surveillance in the groups of young and mid-age male who are unemployed is necessary to reduce the risk.