仿生声学超材料的声波控制及水下应用研究进展

Review of Acoustic Control and Underwater Application of Bionic Acoustic Metamaterials

声学超构材料作为一种新型的人工结构材料,拥有天然材料所不具备的超常物理特性,比如:负质量、负刚度等。声学超材料通过对其声学特性参数的研究和控制可以实现声隐身、波束控制等功能。与传统声学材料相比,声学超材料具有设计性强、拓展性强等优点,可以突破传统声学材料的物理极限,为小尺寸、轻量化结构解决低频减震降噪、低频宽带声波控制等瓶颈问题提供新思路。仿生学是利用生物学原理发展起来的新兴学科。将仿生学与声学超材料相结合,国内外学者开展了大量的研究工作,尤其在空气动力学及流体动力学降噪方面取得了卓越的研究成果。本文简要回顾过去几十年仿生声学超材料的研究进展,并介绍了相关的代表性工作,期望未来仿生声学超材料能够在低频声波控制、水下应用等方面发挥更大的作用和优势。

Acoustic metamaterials are a kind of artificial structures,and it has some special physical properties such as negative mass,negative stiffness,etc.Compared with traditional acoustic materials,acoustic metamaterials have the advantages of flexible design and expansibility.Acoustic metamaterials with small size and light weight can be used for low frequency vibration and noise reductions,low frequency broadband acoustic controls,etc.By using biological principles,bionic acoustic metamaterials have been investigate extensively.In this paper,aerodynamic noise reduction,low frequency acoustic wave control and underwater applications of bioinspired acoustic metamaterials in the past decades are reviewed.It is expected that biomimetic acoustic metamaterials will play greater roles in low-frequency acoustic wave control and underwater applications.