禾本科植物落粒机理研究进展

Research progress on the seed-shattering mechanism of Poaceae plants

落粒性是野生植物为有效繁衍后代、扩大种群而形成的一种适应特性,但对种子生产可造成不利影响。离区的形成、发育和降解是植物落粒的直接原因,植物激素产生促进或抑制脱落的信号,细胞壁水解酶可引起离区细胞的降解,这些过程的发生受多个基因调控,且调控网络复杂。对于种子落粒的相关研究已在水稻、小麦等农作物中深入开展,而牧草领域则相对较少。综述禾本科植物落粒研究的最新进展,以期为禾本科牧草落粒机理深入挖掘以及品种选育提供理论参考。

Seed shattering is an adaptive characteristic of wild plants for effective reproduction and population expansion,but it adversely affects seed production. The formation,development,and degradation of the abscission zone are the direct causes of seed shattering in plants. Plant hormones produce signals that promote or inhibit seed shattering. Cell wall hydrolases can cause the degradation of cells in the abscission zone. The occurrence of these processes is regulated by polygenes and the regulatory network is complex. Research on seed shattering has been carried out in rice,wheat,and other crops,but comparatively few studies have focused on forage grasses. In this paper,we review the latest advances in research on seed shattering in poaceous plants to provide a theoretical reference for in-depth exploration of seed-shattering mechanisms and species selection.