外源铁培养液对玉米发芽过程中营养成分和抗氧化活性的影响

Effects of Exogenous Iron Culture Solution on Nutritional Components and Antioxidant Activity in Corn Spout

采用两种不同浓度(0~100μg/mL)的铁营养强化剂[硫酸亚铁、乙二胺四乙酸铁钠(ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid ferric sodium salt,FeⅢ-EDTA)]对玉米种子进行培育、强化萌发,并对玉米芽苗的膳食营养价值进行评价。采用火焰原子分光光度法测量Fe、Zn微量元素变化,采用紫外分光光度法测量玉米芽苗中总黄酮和原花青素含量变化,并对玉米芽苗总抗氧化能力进行评价。结果表明:经过外源铁培养液培育96 h后的玉米芽苗中铁含量大幅提高,最高达到了497.97 mg/kg,锌含量略微变化,相比对照组浮动约为79.58%~98.78%。总黄酮含量相比于未发芽种子(指未经发芽处理的种子)提高了120.73%~257.12%,含量最高达到了2 163.83 mg/kg DW;原花青素含量提高了101.55%~176.08%,含量最高达到了375.46 mg/kg。玉米芽苗的总抗氧化能力也显著提高,相比未发芽种子提高了164.94%~269.48%,最高约为102.90μg VC/g DW。最终结果显示,使用浓度为10μg/mL~20μg/mL的硫酸亚铁培养液和浓度为20μg/mL~50μg/mL的FeⅢ-EDTA培养液时,能够明显提高玉米芽苗的营养品质,满足人体日常对微量元素Fe及其他营养素的需求。

Two forms of iron [FeSO4·H2O,ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid ferric sodium salt(FeⅢ-EDTA)] at different concentrations(0-100 μg/mL)were used for the cultivation and fortification of corn seeds,and the dietary nutritional value of corn sprout was evaluated. Iron and zinc contents in corn sprout were determined using flame atomic spectrophotometry,total flavonoids and anthocyanidins in corn sprout were determined using ultraviolet spectrophotometry,and the antioxidant capacity of corn sprout was evaluated. Results showed that the iron content in corn sprout fortified with iron solution increased greatly after 96 h,reaching a maximum of 497.97 mg/kg. The zinc content slightly changed and fluctuated between 79.58% and 98.78% compared with that in the control. Compared with raw seeds,the content of total flavonoids increased by 120.73%-257.12%,and the highest content was 2 163.83 mg/kg DW. The content of anthocyanidins increased by 101.55%-176.08%,and the highest content was 375.46 mg/kg. The total antioxidant capacity of corn sprout significantly improved,and was 164.94%-269.48% higher than that of raw seeds;the highest was about 102.90 μg VC/g DW.In summary,the study showed that the use of ferrous sulfate solution with a concentration of 10 μg/mL-20 μg/mL or FeⅢ-EDTA with a concentration of 20 μg/mL-50 μg/mL to fortify corn sprout significantly improve the nutritional quality of corn sprout,meeting the daily requirement of the human body for trace elements.