金耳、银耳与木耳的营养成分比较

Nutritional Components Comparison between Tremella aurantialba,Tremella fucitormis and Auricularia aurricula

采用标准方法对金耳、银耳与木耳的营养成分进行全面的比较分析。结果表明:金耳含有蛋白质12.4%、灰分3.2%、粗纤维2.0%、脂肪2.8%、总糖72.8%,其中蛋白质、脂肪和总糖含量均高于木耳和银耳,而粗纤维低于木耳(7.9%);金耳中的功能营养成分多糖、多酚、黄酮含量分别为37.8%、0.18%和0.12%,多糖含量显著高于木耳和银耳;金耳的氨基酸总量和鲜味氨基酸含量分别为9.72%和2.25%,均高于银耳和木耳,按照联合国粮农组织和世界卫生组织提出的理想蛋白质条件,3种食用菌作为理想蛋白质来源的优先顺序依次是木耳>金耳>银耳;金耳检出6种维生素,VA及β-胡萝卜素(VA原)、VB1、VB2、VC和VD3,其中β-胡萝卜素含量为2.32 mg/100 g,与绿叶蔬菜相当,3种食用菌均含有植物中少见的维生素D,含量大小顺序是木耳>金耳>银耳,分别为1 588、743、133μg/100 g,高于肉制品、鸡蛋和鱼类,可作为素食者的维生素D摄入源;我国人群中相对容易缺乏的元素钙、铁、锌在3种食用菌中含量丰富,其中以木耳的钙、铁含量为最高,金耳次之,而金耳锌含量(21.1 mg/kg)为最高,稍低于猪肉(29.9 mg/kg),铁含量(81.2 mg/kg)比鸡蛋黄(65 mg/kg)更高,3种食用菌重金属锰、铅、砷、镉、汞含量均符合国家限量要求。综上所述,3种食用菌营养素成分齐全、含量丰富,金耳因其含有丰富的多糖、β-胡萝卜素、维生素D、锌和铁,综合营养价值更高。

This study performed comparative analysis of the nutritional components of Tremella aurantialba,Tremella fucitormis and Auricularia aurricula using standard methods.The crude protein,crude ash,crude fiber,crude fat,and soluble sugar contents of Tremella aurantialba were 12.4%,3.2%,2.0%,2.8% and 72.8%respectively.The protein,fat,and total sugar contents of Tremella aurantialba were higher than those of Tremella fucitormis and Auricularia aurricula,while crude fiber was lower than in A uricularia aurricula.The functional component polysaccharide,polyphenol,and flavone contents were 37.8%,0.18% and 0.12% respectively of Tremella aurantialba.Its polysaccharide content was significantly higher than that in the other two fungi,and to date.The total amino acid and umami flavor amino acid contents were 9.72% and 2.25% in Tremella aurantialba.Both values were higher than those in the other two fungi.As for the ideal protein concept raised by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations/World Health Organization,the order was Auricularia aurricula> Tremella aurantialba> Tremella fucitormis.Six different vitamins were detected in Tre mella aurantialb a,VA,β-carotene,VB1,VB2,VC and VD3. The β-carotene content was 2.32 mg/100 g,almost the same as in green vegetables.Plenty of VD(rare in the plants) was detected in all three fungi.The order of VD content in the fungi was A uricularia aurricula> Tremella aurantialba> Tremella fucitormis.Mineral content was abundant in all three fungi.Ca and Fe content was highest in Auricularia aurricula,followed by Tremella aurantialba.Tremella aurantialba contained the highest Zn content(21.1 mg/kg) slightly lower than that in pork(29.9 mg/kg),and its Fe content(81.2 mg/kg) was higher than that in egg yolk(65 mg/kg).The heavy metal contents(Mn,Pb,As,Cd,and Hg) were all consistent with national standards.In conclusion,these three fungi all contained ample nutritional elements.Its abundant polysaccharide,β-carotene,VD,Zn and Fe content revealed medicinal value in Tremella aurantialba,which displays potential for development of health products.